Effect of mass drug administration on malaria incidence in southeast Senegal during 2020-22: a two-arm, open-label, cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Background: In Africa, the scale-up of malaria-control interventions has reduced malaria burden, but progress towards elimination has stalled. Mass drug administration (MDA) is promising as a transmission-reducing strategy, but evidence from low-to-moderate transmission settings is needed. We aimed to assess the safety, coverage, and effect of three cycles of MDA with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine plus single, low-dose primaquine on Plasmodium falciparum incidence and prevalence in southeast Senegal.

Radiation doses to the breast and predicted breast cancer risk among patients treated for Hodgkin lymphoma with modern radiotherapy.

Purpose: To contrast breast radiation exposure from chest radiotherapy in 2006-2021 with 1965-1997, and to compare breast cancer (BC) risk 25 years after treatment predicted by two models.

Methods: Radiation dose distributions to the breast from 101 chest radiotherapies given 2006-2021 for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) or other lymphoma in one German and two Dutch hospitals were compared with doses received by 505 Dutch HL patients treated 1965-1997 and sampled into a nested case-control study, weighted to represent a HL patient cohort. Dose-volume histograms, mean dose and doses to 10 breast segments were evaluated.

Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in sub-Saharan Africa and western Europe: a retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with a higher proportion of asymptomatic infections and lower mortality in sub-Saharan Africa than high-income countries. However, there is currently a lack of data on cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in people living in Africa compared with people in high-income regions of the world. We aimed to assess geographical variation in peripheral and mucosal immune responses.

Combining dosiomics and machine learning methods for predicting severe cardiac diseases in childhood cancer survivors: the French Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

Background: Cardiac disease (CD) is a primary long-term diagnosed pathology among childhood cancer survivors. Dosiomics (radiomics extracted from the dose distribution) have received attention in the past few years to assess better the induced risk of radiotherapy (RT) than standard dosimetric features such as dose-volume indicators. Hence, using the spatial information contained in the dosiomics features with machine learning methods may improve the prediction of CD.

Prediction of breast cancer risk for adolescents and young adults with Hodgkin lymphoma.

Background: While female survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) have an increased risk of breast cancer (BC), no BC risk prediction model is available. We developed such models incorporating mean radiation dose to the breast or breast quadrant-specific radiation doses.

Methods: Relative risks and age-specific incidence for BC and competing events (mortality or other subsequent cancer) were estimated from 1194 Dutch five-year HL survivors, treated at ages 11-40 during 1965-2000.

An optimized strategy triggered at the 2nd immunization visit to prevent HIV acquisition by breastfeeding: a phase 2 trial in Burkina Faso (PREVENIR-PEV).

Background: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV during breastfeeding remains a challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). A prevention package was initiated during the highly attended 2nd visit of the Expanded Program of Immunisation (EPI-2) to identify the undiagnosed infants living with HIV and reduce the postnatal transmission of infant exposed to HIV.

Methods: PREVENIR-PEV is a non-randomized phase II clinical trial conducted at two health centres in Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso).

Neurological hospitalisations in childhood cancer survivors treated before 2001: findings from the French Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort.

Purpose: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) have an increased risk of developing late chronic diseases, which can be influenced by the cancer type and its treatment. These chronic diseases can be severe and disabling, typically emerging years to decades after treatment. These deficits negatively impact quality of life, intelligence quotient, and memory.

Two decades of molecular surveillance in Senegal reveal rapid changes in known drug resistance mutations over time.

Background: Drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is a major threat to malaria control efforts. Pathogen genomic surveillance could be invaluable for monitoring current and emerging parasite drug resistance.

Methods: Data from two decades (2000-2020) of continuous molecular surveillance of P.

LymphoDose: a lymphocyte dose estimation framework-application to brain radiotherapy.

. Severe radiation-induced lymphopenia occurs in 40% of patients treated for primary brain tumors and is an independent risk factor of poor survival outcomes. We developed anframework that estimates the radiation doses received by lymphocytes during volumetric modulated arc therapy brain irradiation.

Radiation Doses Received by Major Organs at Risk in Children and Young Adolescents Treated for Cancer with External Beam Radiation Therapy: A Large-scale Study from 12 European Countries.

Purpose: Childhood cancer survivors, in particular those treated with radiation therapy, are at high risk of long-term iatrogenic events. The prediction of risk of such events is mainly based on the knowledge of the radiation dose received to healthy organs and tissues during treatment of childhood cancer diagnosed decades ago. We aimed to set up a standardized organ dose table to help former patients and clinicians in charge of long-term follow-up clinics.

Severe pulmonary hypertension associated with hypothyroidism and mixed aortic valve disease: A case report.

Pulmonary hypertension is a condition characterised by elevated pulmonary arterial pressures secondary to various aetiologies; the most common ones are left heart diseases. Similarly, an association between thyroid diseases and pulmonary hypertension has been reported in some cases, but the pathophysiological relationship has not been fully elucidated. Etiological investigation is an important step in the management of pulmonary hypertension and determines the appropriate treatment.

Anthropometric, biochemical, dietary, morbidity and well-being assessments in women and children in Indonesia, India and Senegal: a UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub protocol paper.

Introduction: Child stunting has a complex aetiology, especially in the first 1000 days of life. Nutrition interventions alone have not produced expected impacts in reducing/preventing child stunting, indicating the importance of understanding the complex interplay between environmental, physiological and psychological factors influencing child nutritional status. This study will investigate maternal and child nutrition, health and well-being status and associated factors through the assessment of: (1) anthropometry, (2) biomarkers of nutrition and health status, (3) dietary intakes, (4) fetal growth and development, (5) infant morbidity, (6) infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and (7) perinatal maternal stress, depression and social support.

Perspectives and experiences of healthcare providers on the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in three maternal and neonatal referral hospitals in Guinea in 2020: a qualitative study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected access to essential healthcare services. This study aimed to explore healthcare providers' perceptions and experiences of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in three referral maternal and neonatal hospitals in Guinea.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal qualitative study between June and December 2020 in two maternities and one neonatology referral ward in Conakry and Mamou.

Increased Cardiac Risk After a Second Malignant Neoplasm Among Childhood Cancer Survivors: A FCCSS Study.

Background: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at an elevated risk of developing both a second malignant neoplasm (SMN) and cardiac disease.

Objectives: This study sought to assess the excess of occurrence of cardiac disease after a SMN among CCS.

Methods: Analyses included 7,670 CCS from the French Childhood Cancer Survivors Study cohort diagnosed between 1945 and 2000.

Study and evaluation of the effects of vegetation cover destruction on soil degradation in Middle Guinea through the application of remote sensing and and geotechnics.

Soil degradation in Middle Guinea is increasing over the years. While it's good to have precautions to deal with it, it's even more important to go back to the source of the scourge in order to lessen its effects over time, or even eradicate it. At the center of the factors that are often mentioned is the destruction of the vegetation cover, and the aim of this study is to clear it (in all its forms: trees, grass, savannah, etc.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Complication of Acute Renal Failure in a Child.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiological entity occurring during several conditions and more frequently in those associated with severe hypertension. The diagnostic approach is possible by considering the clinical context and MRI data, where white matter abnormalities are observed predominantly in the parietal and occipital territories secondary to the formation of a vasogenic edema. The evolution is characterized by a reversibility of the lesions in case of early diagnosis and management.

Cumulative Absolute Risk of Subsequent Colorectal Cancer After Abdominopelvic Radiotherapy Among Childhood Cancer Survivors: A PanCareSurFup Study.

Purpose: Childhood cancer survivors are at the risk of developing subsequent colorectal cancers (CRCs), but the absolute risks by treatment modality are uncertain. We quantified the absolute risks by radiotherapy treatment characteristics using clinically accessible data from a Pan-European wide case-control study nested within a large cohort of childhood cancer survivors: the PanCareSurFup Study.

Methods: Odds ratios (ORs) from a case-control study comprising 143 CRC cases and 143 controls nested within a cohort of 69,460 survivors were calculated.

Evaluating the performance of Plasmodium falciparum genetics for inferring National Malaria Control Program reported incidence in Senegal.

Genetic surveillance of the parasite shows great promise for helping National Malaria Control Programs (NMCPs) assess parasite transmission. Genetic metrics such as the frequency of polygenomic (multiple strain) infections, genetic clones, and the complexity of infection (COI, number of strains per infection) are correlated with transmission intensity. However, despite these correlations, it is unclear whether genetic metrics alone are sufficient to estimate clinical incidence.

Malaria surveillance reveals parasite relatedness, signatures of selection, and correlates of transmission across Senegal.

We here analyze data from the first year of an ongoing nationwide program of genetic surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Senegal. The analysis is based on 1097 samples collected at health facilities during passive malaria case detection in 2019; it provides a baseline for analyzing parasite genetic metrics as they vary over time and geographic space. The study's goal was to identify genetic metrics that were informative about transmission intensity and other aspects of transmission dynamics, focusing on measures of genetic relatedness between parasites.

Determinants of incomplete childhood hepatitis B vaccination in Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea: Analysis of national surveys (2018-2020).

Vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is effective at preventing vertical transmission. Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea are hyperendemic West African countries; yet, childhood vaccination coverage is suboptimal, and the determinants of incomplete vaccination are poorly understood. We analyzed national survey data (2018-2020) of children aged 4-35 months to assess complete HBV vaccination (receiving 3 doses of the pentavalent vaccine) and incomplete vaccination (receiving <3 doses).