Potential Mechanisms for Organoprotective Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide in an Experimental Study.

Performing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and circulatory arrest (CA) provokes the development of complications caused by tissue metabolism, microcirculatory disorders, and endogenous nitric oxide (NO) deficiency. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms for systemic organoprotective effects of exogenous NO during CPB and CA based on the assessment of dynamic changes in glycocalyx degradation markers, deformation properties of erythrocytes, and tissue metabolism in the experiment. A single-center prospective randomized controlled study was conducted on sheep, = 24, comprising four groups of six in each.

[Systemic inflammatory response in cardiac surgery: possibilities of using colchicine].

Aim: To evaluate manifestations of systemic inflammatory response (SIR) and the effect of the colchicine therapy on SIR severity in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with extracorporeal circulation (EC).

Material And Methods: This study included 100 patients aged 62+6.3 years with stable IHD and multivessel coronary atherosclerosis scheduled for CABG with EC.

[The dependence of the inflammatory reaction on the properties of mycobacterium tuberculosis and the course of specific pulmonary process].

The systemic analysis of the inflammatory process in untreated patients with newly diagnosed infiltrative-destructive tuberculosis has been performed in the context of host mycobacterium interaction. Variability of acute phase proteins (APP) reflecting mobilization of nonspecific protective systems of the body did not depend on cytotoxicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT). In 87.

[Peculiarities of the circulating phagocytes functional activity in patients with different forms of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis].

Functional activity of circulating phagocytes (macrophages--Ms and neutrophils--Ns) was studied in 30 patients with infiltrative (I) and 30 patients with fibro-cavernous (FC) pulmonary tuberculosis (PT). Difference of the functional activity of both types of cells depending on the PT form was revealed: more significant increase in the oxygen-depending activity in FCPT while bactericide potential estimated with a zymosane induced NST-test was more pronounced in IPT patients. These data correlate with the blood levels of neopterin and elastase, the markers of the M and N activity, respectively.

[Comparative significance of the biochemical markers of cell-mediated immunity in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy].

The authors have compared the informative value of the tests determining the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and the levels of interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) and neopterin in the diagnosis of pleural effusions of tuberculous (n = 67) and nontuberculous (n = 30) origin. The equally high diagnostic value has been found in the study of the activities of ADA (94.8%) and INF-gamma, which are markers of lymphocytic cellular immunity.

[Assessment of a risk for postoperative infectious complications in patients with fibrocarvous pulmonary tuberculosis].

The paper analyzes whether it is possible to predict a risk for postoperative empyema, by studying a totality of characteristics of a patient, a pathological process, and the properties of MBT in 46 patients with progressive fibrocavernous tuberculosis. It also shows it actual to accomplish this task with a prediction accuracy of 89.5-100%, by simultaneously taking into account both the bacteriological properties of MBT (the magnitude of Mycobacterium tuberculosis excretion and viability) and different combinations of serum biological parameters that reflect the activity of an inflammatory process.

[Gamma-interferon and adenosine deaminase in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy].

The paper compares the characteristics of the informative value of tests determining the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and the level of gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) for the differential diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (n = 35) and non-tuberculous pleural effusion (n = 53). Both tests were ascertained to have the similar differentially diagnostic capacities with their threshold values of 35 U/l and 180 pg/ ml, respectively. At the same time, the sensitivity and specificity of the ADA test were 98.

[Functional activity of phagocytes of bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with fibro-cavernosis and infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis].

Functional activity of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) phagocytes was studied in 33 and 16 patients with fibro-cavernosis (FC) and infiltrative (I) pulmonary tuberculosis (PT), respectively. Complex examination of BALF, alveolar macrophages (AM) and neutrophils (N) sedimented from BALF revealed interrelationship between functional activity of the cells and the form of PT. Higher activities in BALF of neopterin and elastase mainly secreted by activated AM and N respectively, reflect a higher secretory activity of both types of cells in FC - PT.

[Characterization of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis (by the results of a clinicomathematical analysis)].

The results of examination of 56 patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis, which involved the study of biochemical parameters characterizing different stages of an inflammatory process, as well as clinical and X-ray findings were analyzed, by applying various multivariate statistical methods. This approach was shown to be promising for estimating the severity of the process and for specifying the stage of development of an inflammatory process in some patients.

[Antiischemic and metabolic effects of nebivolol and metaprolol CR/XL (betalok ZOK) in patients with postinfarction heart dysfunction].

The purpose of the study was to evaluate anti-ischemic and metabolic effects of the cardioselective beta-adrenoblockers nebivolol and retarded metoprolol-metaprolol CR/XL (betalok ZOK) in patients with postinfarction heart dysfunction, associated with type II diabetes mellitus (DM). 40 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), functional class (FC) II-III exertional angina, postinfarction left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, and NYHA FC II heart failure, associated with type II DM, were randomized into 2 groups. The 20 patients of the 1st group were administered nebivolol in a dose of 1.

[An experience of the use of stenting for recurrence of myocardial ischemia after coronary artery bypass grafting].

Coronary artery stenting was carried out in 18 patients with angina recurrence 29.3+/-7.6 after coronary artery bypass grafting.

[Prediction of the effectiveness of preoperative preparation of patients with fibro-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis].

Sixty-three patients with fibrocavernous pulmonary tuberculosis were examined before and 1 month after preoperative therapy with antituberculosis agents. The time course of changes in the clinical and X-ray characteristics of the severity of the disease were compared with the alterations of different biochemical indices, including acute-phase proteins, proteolysis inhibitors, intoxication severity. It was demonstrated that improvement of clinical and X-ray characteristics of the severity of a process after preoperative preparation could be predicted with an accuracy of 83% from the baseline serum concentrations of albumin and ceruloplasmin.

[Characteristics of endogenous intoxication of adolescents with tuberculosis].

The paper shows that there is an association of the pattern of lung lesion with the endogenous intoxication in adolescents patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Based on the spectrograms of plasma and the levels of low and medium molecular-weight substances, the authors revealed clinical features in relation to the level of endogenous intoxication and to the values of cellular responses.

[Informative value of adenosine deaminase and 2-deoxyadenosine deaminase in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy].

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and 2-deoxyadenosine deaminase (2-deoxyADA) activities were measured in pleural exudation of different origin in 373 patients (124 of these with serous tuberculous pleurisy and 75 with specific empyema). High diagnostic value of ADA activity in the presence of threshold value higher than 35 Units/liter was established: the sensitivity of the test in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy and empyema was 94.4 and 93.

[The activity of adenosine deaminase and its isoenzymes in patients with different forms of pulmonary tuberculosis].

An examination of 144 patients with different forms of pulmonary tuberculosis has revealed that serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) has a higher activity in the patients than in healthy individuals (a control group). The level of its activity is in proportion to the severity of a pulmonary process and achieves its peak in caseous pneumonia. In infiltrative tuberculosis, there is a direct relationship between the activity of ADA, the number of involved segments and bacterial isolation.

[Diagnostic and prognostic significance of adenosine deaminase in acutely progressive pulmonary tuberculosis].

The paper provides data on the serum levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in patients with acutely progressive pulmonary tuberculosis (APPT). The highest levels corresponded to the severity of the disease, high bacterial isolation, the extent of destructive and infiltrative changes in lung tissue, and endotoxemia. This indicates that ADA measurement is an additional criterion for assessing the health status in APPT patients and the magnitude of destructive processes.

[Cytokine production-adenosine deaminase activity relationship in pulmonary tuberculosis].

The serum activity of the enzyme adenosine desaminase (ADA) was studied in patients with infiltrative tuberculosis in relation to IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-2 productions, the magnitude of a lymphocytic proliferative response to PPD and PGA. There was an association of high ADA levels with the severity of a tuberculous process, with the least IL-2 production together with drastically increased IL1 beta and significant disorders in the TNF-alpha system. Moderate ADA increases reflect the regularly enhanced activity of immunocompetent cells in response to an infectious agent.

[Adenosine deaminase in differential diagnosis of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis].

Examining the activity of serum adenosine deaminase in 112 patients with lymphadenopathy of various etiology revealed its increase (at the discriminant level equal or exceeding 20 U/l) in 86% of 50 patients with active tuberculous infection. The specificity of the parameter as a test for tuberculous peripheral lymph nodal lesion is 90.3%, the positive and negative prognostic significances are 83 and 89%, respectively, the diagnostic efficiency is 88.