Longitudinal Changes in Cardiovascular Health Among Young Adults With Overweight and Obesity.

Background: It is essential to understand factors influencing young adult cardiovascular health (CVH) to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Objective: Evaluate longitudinal changes in CVH among young adults in a weight management intervention.

Methods: Life's Essential 8 (LE8) metrics were calculated for young adults with overweight and obesity enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (n = 459).

Longitudinal timing of physical activity and associated cardiometabolic and behavioral health outcomes in young adults.

Background: This is the first study to examine longitudinal associations between self-selected timing of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and health outcomes in young adults over 18 months.

Methods: Young adults (N = 434, Mage = 23.9, SDage = 4.

Dynamics of Human Palatal Wound Healing and the Associated Microbiome.

Wound healing in the oral mucosa is superior to that in the skin, with faster wound closure accompanied by reduced inflammation, less angiogenesis, and minimal scar formation. A well-characterized oral wound model is critical to investigating the mechanisms of oral wound closure and the efficacy of various clinical interventions. Currently, there are a few human oral wound models, although none of them are well characterized.

Integrating Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and motion analysis for emerging precision medicine applications in Parkinson's Disease.

One of the key challenges in Big Data for clinical research and healthcare is how to integrate new sources of data, whose relation to disease processes are often not well understood, with multiple classical clinical measurements that have been used by clinicians for years to describe disease processes and interpret therapeutic outcomes. Without such integration, even the most promising data from emerging technologies may have limited, if any, clinical utility. This paper presents an approach to address this challenge, illustrated through an example in Parkinson's Disease (PD) management.

Non-electrophilic NRF2 activators promote wound healing in human keratinocytes and diabetic mice and demonstrate selective downstream gene targeting.

The transcription factor NRF2 plays an important role in many biological processes and is a promising therapeutic target for many disease states. NRF2 is highly expressed in the skin and is known to play a critical role in diabetic wound healing, a serious disease process for which treatment options are limited. However, many existing NRF2 activators display off-target effects due to their electrophilic mechanism, underscoring the need for alternative approaches.

Determinants of symptom presentation and resolution following concussions in high school sports.

Sport-related concussions (SRCs) are prevalent in high school (HS) sports, though the determinants of, and relationships between concussion symptoms in this population remain relatively unknown. We analysed SRC data captured within the HS RIO injury surveillance system during 2014/15-2018/19. We used Generalized Estimating Equations to simultaneously assess covariate predictors of symptom presentations and identify pairwise symptom associations and employed multivariable ordinal logistic regressions to determine symptom resolution time (SRT) predictors.

The Effects of the RANI Project on 6-Month Physical Activity Among Women Living in Rural India: A Randomized-Controlled Trial.

Background: Anemia is associated with fatigue, low physical activity, and poor quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a field trial on 6-month change in anemia and physical activity among nonpregnant women living in rural India.

Methods: The Reduction in Anemia through Normative Innovations (RANI) Project is a cluster randomized controlled trial of a social norms-based intervention to reduce anemia among women (15-49 years).

An Experiment Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Robot-Assisted Multi-Joint Pointing Movements of the Lower Limb.

Stroke affects approximately 17 million individuals worldwide each year and is a leading cause of long-term disability. Robotic therapy has shown promise in helping stroke patients regain lost motor functions. One potential avenue for increasing the understanding of how motor recovery occurs is to study brain activation during the movements that are targeted by therapy in healthy individuals.

Effects of Low-Calorie Sweetener Restriction on Glycemic Variability and Cardiometabolic Health in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: Findings of a Pilot and Feasibility Study.

Low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) are commonly consumed by children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet their role in cardiometabolic health is unclear. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of 12 weeks of LCS restriction among children with T1D. Children ( = 31) with T1D completed a two-week run-in ( = 28) and were randomly assigned to avoid LCS (LCS restriction, = 15) or continue their usual LCS intake ( = 13).

The evolution of Big Data in neuroscience and neurology.

Unlabelled: Neurological diseases are on the rise worldwide, leading to increased healthcare costs and diminished quality of life in patients. In recent years, Big Data has started to transform the fields of Neuroscience and Neurology. Scientists and clinicians are collaborating in global alliances, combining diverse datasets on a massive scale, and solving complex computational problems that demand the utilization of increasingly powerful computational resources.

Microfibril-associated protein 5 and the regulation of skin scar formation.

Many factors regulate scar formation, which yields a modified extracellular matrix (ECM). Among ECM components, microfibril-associated proteins have been minimally explored in the context of skin wound repair. Microfibril-associated protein 5 (MFAP5), a small 25 kD serine and threonine rich microfibril-associated protein, influences microfibril function and modulates major extracellular signaling pathways.

Repeated stress-induced crosstalk between the sympathetic nervous system and mast cells contributes to delayed cutaneous wound healing in mice.

The study identifies a link between the neuroimmune interaction and the impairment of wound healing induced by repeated stress. Stress increased mast cell mobilization and degranulation, levels of IL-10, and sympathetic reinnervation in mouse wounds. In contrast to mast cells, macrophage infiltration into wounds was significantly delayed in stressed mice.

Personalized versus generic digital weight loss interventions delivered on university campuses: a 6-month cost-benefit analysis.

Cost-effectiveness analyses of weight loss programs for university students can inform administrator decision-making. This study quantifies and compares the costs and cost-effectiveness of implementing two digitally-delivered weight loss interventions designed for university populations. Healthy Body Healthy U (HBHU) was a randomized controlled trial comparing TAILORED (personalized) versus TARGETED (generic) weight loss interventions adapted specifically for young adults to a CONTROL intervention.

Neutralization of excessive CCL28 improves wound healing in diabetic mice.

Chronic, non-healing skin wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and often result in limb amputation and even death. However, mechanisms by which T2DM and inflammation negatively impact skin wound healing remains poorly understood. Here we investigate a mechanism by which an excessive level of chemokine CCL28, through its receptor CCR10, impairs wound healing in patients and mice with T2DM.

Domains of Sedentary Behavior and Cognitive Function: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, 1999/2000 to 2006/2007.

Background: This study examines the relationship between various domains of sedentary behavior and subsequent cognitive function to evaluate whether different sedentary activities have specific associations with future cognitive performance.

Methods: Data were from 1 261 older adults participating in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study between 1999/2000 and 2006/2007. Total sitting time (hours/day), reading time (hours/week), and TV time (≤27/≥28 h/wk) were self-reported at baseline and 3 years later.

Transcriptional changes in human palate and skin healing.

Most human tissue injuries lead to the formation of a fibrous scar and result in the loss of functional tissue. One adult tissue that exhibits a more regenerative response to injury with minimal scarring is the oral mucosa. We generated a microarray gene expression dataset to examine the response to injury in human palate and skin excisional biopsies spanning the first 7 days after wounding.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis to Inform Randomized Controlled Trial Design in Chronic Pain Research: Methods for Guiding Decisions on the Addition of a Run-In Period.

Introduction: Run-In (RI) periods can be used to improve the validity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but their utility in Chronic Pain (CP) RCTs is debated. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) methods are commonly used in evaluating the results of RCTs, but they are seldom used for designing RCTs. We present a step-by-step overview to objectively design RCTs via CEA methods and specifically determine the cost effectiveness of a RI period in a CP RCT.

Pandemic-Related Life Events and Physical Inactivity During COVID-19 Among Israeli Adults: The Smoking and Lifestyles in Israel Study.

Background: Public health measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic have led to disruptions in daily life, such as job loss and changes in activity. The present study examines the relationship between pandemic-related life events and disuse (prolonged sitting coupled with inactivity) among adults.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 4084 adults in Israel (September 2020).