Pathological Changes and CYP1A1 Expression as Biomarkers of Pollution in Sarpa Salpa and Diplodus Sargus.

In a marine ecosystem, the most sensitive organisms to environmental changes, mainly to anthropic pressures, are fishes and invertebrates. Therefore, they are considered the ideal targets to indirectly evaluate the health of an entire ecosystem. Teleost fishes, particularly those that occupy the highest trophic levels, can accumulate toxic substances through their diet.

Ten different viral agents infecting and co-infecting children with acute gastroenteritis in Southern Italy: Role of known pathogens and emerging viruses during and after COVID-19 pandemic.

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) represents a world public health relevant problem especially in children. Enteric viruses are the pathogens mainly involved in the episodes of AGE, causing about 70.00% of the cases.

Comparing the compliance to a short schedule of subcutaneous immunotherapy and to sublingual immunotherapy during three years of treatment.

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in its two forms of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is an effective treatment of respiratory allergy, but is particularly concerned by the issue of compliance.

Objective: We aimed a real-life study at evaluating the compliance to SLIT and to SCIT administered by a short-course of four injections during a 3-year period of observation.

Methods: A group of 145 patients (79 males, 66 females, age ranging from 14 to 69 years), suffering from pollen-induced rhino-conjunctivitis with or without asthma, were included in the study.

Depression treatment enhances adherence to antiretroviral therapy: a meta-analysis.

Background: Depression is a risk factor for nonadherence to HIV/AIDS treatment.

Purpose: A meta-analysis was conducted to examine whether treatment of depression and psychological distress improves antiretroviral therapy adherence.

Methods: PubMed and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched for relevant articles.

Importance of family/social support and impact on adherence to diabetic therapy.

Diabetes mellitus affects 24 million individuals in the US. In order to manage their diabetes successfully, patients must adhere to treatment regimens that include dietary restrictions, physical activity goals, and self-monitoring of glucose levels. Numerous factors affect patients' ability to adhere properly, eg, self-efficacy, treatment expectations, health beliefs, and lack of social support.

Ultra short pre-seasonal subcutaneous immunotherapy and pre-coseasonal sublingual immunotherapy for pollen allergy: an evaluation of patient's preference in real life.

Background: Specific immunotherapy (SIT) efficacy and safety by subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual (SLIT) route is supported by literature data. Pre-coseasonal treatment is currently the more accepted option for pollen immunotherapy in terms of costs and patient's compliance. This retrospective study evaluated the patient's preference concerning subcutaneous or sublingual route in pre-coseasonal treatment.

Serious psychological distress and diabetes care among California adults.

Objective: To evaluate three aspects of diabetes care (foot checks, eye examinations, and hemoglobin A 1 C checks by a physician) among California adults with Type 2 diabetes and serious psychological distress (SPD).

Method: Data were from the population-based 2005 California Health Interview Survey. Estimates were that in 2005, 1,516,171 Californians (5.

Adherence to mammography and colorectal cancer screening in women 50-80 years of age the role of psychological distress.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of women's attitudes and health beliefs regarding breast and colorectal cancer screening practices.

Methods: Nine hundred five women, 50 to 80 years of age, were recruited from 63 randomly selected physician offices within the greater Los Angeles area. The Health Belief Model was used to evaluate potential predictor variables associated with patients' breast and colorectal cancer screening practices.

Development and validation of the Physician-Patient Humor Rating Scale.

The purpose of this study was the development of a rating instrument to assess the use of humor in physician- patient interactions, and to compare humor use as a function of patients' socioeconomic status. The 46-item Physician-Patient Humor Rating Scale (PPHRS) was used to rate 246 audiotaped primary care interactions. Four subscales were reliable and valid, demonstrating correlations with patient satisfaction and reports of physician humor, with physician satisfaction and with separate affective communication ratings.

Physician communication and patient adherence to treatment: a meta-analysis.

Background: Numerous empirical studies from various populations and settings link patient treatment adherence to physician-patient communication. Meta-analysis allows estimates of the overall effects both in correlational research and in experimental interventions involving the training of physicians' communication skills.

Objectives: Calculation and analysis of "r effect sizes" and moderators of the relationship between physician's communication and patient adherence, and the effects of communication training on adherence to treatment regimens for varying medical conditions.

Affective and instrumental communication in primary care interactions: predicting the satisfaction of nursing staff and patients.

Verbal and nonverbal communication between nursing staff and patients has received scant research attention. This study examined patients' and nursing staff members' global affective and instrumental communication, mutual influence, and relationship to postvisit satisfaction. This study employed ratings of videotaped primary care visits of 81 nursing staff members with 235 patients, and assessed communication in 2 channels: nonverbal visual and speech including vocal tone.

Mental health, binge drinking, and antihypertension medication adherence.

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between self-reported mental health and binge drinking, as well as health status, sociodemographic, social support, economic resource, and health care access indicators to antihypertension medication adherence.

Method: Analysis of 2003 California Health Interview Survey data.

Results: Having poor mental health days predicted medication nonadherence, whereas binge drinking did not.

Physician and patient communication training in primary care: effects on participation and satisfaction.

Objective: To assess the effects of a communication skills training program for physicians and patients.

Design: A randomized experiment to improve physician communication skills was assessed 1 and 6 months after a training intervention; patient training to be active participants was assessed after 1 month. Across three primary medical care settings, 156 physicians treating 2,196 patients were randomly assigned to control group or one of three conditions (physician, patient, or both trained).

Binge drinking, poor mental health, and adherence to treatment among California adults with asthma.

Binge drinking and poor mental health may affect adherence to treatment for individuals with asthma. The purposes were to (a) examine the relationship of self-reported binge drinking and mental health to adherence to daily asthma control medications and (b) identify other demographic and health-related factors associated with asthma control medication adherence. Secondary analyses of 2003 adult California Health Interview Survey data were undertaken, and these analyses identified 3.

The challenge of patient adherence.

Quality healthcare outcomes depend upon patients' adherence to recommended treatment regimens. Patient nonadherence can be a pervasive threat to health and wellbeing and carry an appreciable economic burden as well. In some disease conditions, more than 40% of patients sustain significant risks by misunderstanding, forgetting, or ignoring healthcare advice.

The therapeutic effects of the physician-older patient relationship: effective communication with vulnerable older patients.

There is growing evidence that the outcomes of health care for seniors are dependent not only upon patients' physical health status and the administration of care for their biomedical needs, but also upon care for patients' psychosocial needs and attention to their social, economic, cultural, and psychological vulnerabilities. Even when older patients have appropriate access to medical services, they also need effective and empathic communication as an essential part of their treatment. Older patients who are socially isolated, emotionally vulnerable, and economically disadvantaged are particularly in need of the social, emotional, and practical support that sensitive provider-patient communication can provide.

Health beliefs, disease severity, and patient adherence: a meta-analysis.

Background: A large body of empirical data exists on the prediction of patient adherence from subjective and objective assessments of health status and disease severity. This work can be summarized with meta-analysis.

Objectives: Retrieval and summary analysis of r effect sizes and moderators of the relationship between patient adherence and patients': (1) beliefs in disease threat; (2) rated health status (by physician, self, or parent); and (3) objective disease severity.

Preferences for medical collaboration: patient-physician congruence and patient outcomes.

Patient participation in medical care and in decision-making is generally viewed as a precursor to positive health outcomes. Patient participation is not always possible or desirable, however, and not all patients want to take an active part in their own medical care. This study examines the degree to which physician-patient congruence in preference for patient involvement is related to self-reported satisfaction, adherence, and health.

The role of effective communication with children and their families in fostering adherence to pediatric regimens.

Adherence to pediatric health enhancement, disease prevention, and medical treatment, particularly for chronic disease, can be challenging because of demanding regimens, children's progressing developmental stages, and varying family perspectives and relationships. This review examines adherence in the context of communication among providers, pediatric patients, and their families. The focus is on: the delivery of prevention and treatment information; trust in the therapeutic relationship; beliefs and attitudes in shaping acceptance of health care messages; social and cultural norms; building patient and family commitment to behavior change; family habits; barriers and pressures faced by patients and their families; the role of social networks and social support in fostering adherence, and the effects of family cohesiveness and family conflict.