Examining the influence of list composition on the mnemonic benefit of errorful generation.

Despite literature showing that errorful generation with corrective feedback enhances retention better than mere studying, it is unclear if this benefit depends on the composition of the learning list (pure error generation/read versus mixed). Here, we investigated whether the mnemonic advantage and metamnemonic evaluation of errorful generation generalise beyond mixed-list designs. Experiment 1 used a free-recall test, while Experiments 2 and 3 used a cued-recall test, with Experiment 3 also including a judgment of learning (JOL) assessment.

Optilume drug-coated balloon for anterior urethral stricture: 2-year results of the ROBUST III trial.

Objective: The aim of this study is to report the updated 2-year results of the intervention arm of the ROBUST III randomized trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of the Optilume drug-coated balloon (DCB) versus standard endoscopic management of recurrent male anterior urethral stricture.

Materials And Methods: Eligible patients included men with recurrent anterior urethral stricture ≤3 cm in length and ≤12Fr in diameter, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥11 and peak flow rate (Qmax) <15 mL/s. Patients were randomized to treatment with the Optilume DCB or standard-of-care endoscopic management.

Microparticles in marine mussels at regional and localized scales across the Salish Sea, Washington.

Microparticles (MP; particles <5 mm) are ubiquitous in marine environments. Understanding MP concentrations at different spatial scales in the Salish Sea, Washington, USA, can provide insight into how ecologically and economically important species may be affected. We collected mussels across the Salish Sea at regional and localized scales, chemically processed tissue to assess MP contamination, and used visual and chemical analyses for particle identification.

The Impact of Depth of Encoding on the Transfer of Test Enhanced Learning.

The mediator effectiveness hypothesis states the benefit of retrieval practice is a consequence of the activation of mediators linking cue and target items during review. Evidence has found that mediators are more effective at prompting recall of target words than words not associated with the original cue, a pattern that is larger following testing than restudy. The benefit of testing for unstudied cues at the final test is referred to as .

Transfer of Test-Enhanced Learning.

Memory for paired-associate words is facilitated by interim testing relative to restudy. According to the mediator effectiveness hypothesis, the benefit of retrieval practice is a consequence of the activation of a mediator word linking the cue and target. Evidence for the activation of cue-related mediators stems from the finding that mediators are more effective at prompting recall of target words than are words not associated with the original cue, a pattern that is larger following testing than restudy.

Physical Examination Discovered Prostate Cancer Metastasis to the Testis: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men. While approximately three-quarters of all cases present as localized disease, the rate of metastatic disease has been increasing. Common sites of metastatic prostate cancer include regional lymph nodes, bones, and lungs.

One-Year Results for the ROBUST III Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Optilume Drug-Coated Balloon for Anterior Urethral Strictures.

Purpose: The Optilume® drug-coated balloon (DCB) is a urethral dilation balloon with a paclitaxel coating that combines mechanical dilation for immediate symptomatic relief with local drug delivery to maintain urethral patency. The ROBUST III study is a randomized, single-blind trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of the Optilume DCB against endoscopic management of recurrent anterior urethral strictures.

Materials And Methods: Eligible patients were adult males with anterior strictures ≤12Fr in diameter and ≤3 cm in length, at least 2 prior endoscopic treatments, International Prostate Symptom Score ≥11 and maximum flow rate <15 ml per second.

Bacterial protease activity as a biomarker to assess the risk of non-healing in chronic wounds: Results from a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial.

Millions worldwide suffer from chronic wounds challenging clinicians and burdening healthcare systems. Bacteria impede wound healing; however, the diagnosis of excessive bacterial burden or infection is elusive. Clinical signs and symptoms of infection are inaccurate and unreliable.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Point-of-Care Fluorescence Imaging for the Detection of Bacterial Burden in Wounds: Results from the 350-Patient Fluorescence Imaging Assessment and Guidance Trial.

High bacterial load contributes to chronicity of wounds and is diagnosed based on assessment of clinical signs and symptoms (CSS) of infection, but these characteristics are poor predictors of bacterial burden. Point-of-care fluorescence imaging (FL) MolecuLight can improve identification of wounds with high bacterial burden (>10 colony-forming unit [CFU]/g). FL detects bacteria, whether planktonic or in biofilm, but does not distinguish between the two.

Metastatic malignancy masquerading as neurocysticercosis.

Cystic brain lesions are a common clinical dilemma facing infectious disease providers. A broad differential diagnosis is required in the proper evaluation and care of patients facing such an illness. Here the authors describe the case of a 29-year-old woman who presented with seizures and was found to have multiple cystic brain lesions, with risk factors for neurocysticercosis.

Effects of Freeze-Dried Grape Powder on High-Density Lipoprotein Function in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

Background: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are protective against atherosclerosis. However, HDL function is impaired in metabolic syndrome (MetS) due to low-grade inflammation and dyslipidemia. Foods containing polyphenols, such as grapes, may prevent HDL dysfunction via antioxidant or anti-inflammatory effects.

Premeal Low-Fat Yogurt Consumption Reduces Postprandial Inflammation and Markers of Endotoxin Exposure in Healthy Premenopausal Women in a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Metabolic endotoxemia is associated with obesity and contributes to postprandial inflammation.

Objective: We aimed to determine if low-fat yogurt consumption prevents postprandial inflammation and dysmetabolism in healthy women by inhibiting biomarkers of metabolic endotoxemia.

Methods: Premenopausal women defined as obese and nonobese [body mass index (BMI, in kg/m2) 30-40 and 18.

TA-65, A Telomerase Activator improves Cardiovascular Markers in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: Telomerase Activator 65 (TA-65), a compound extracted from Astragalus membranaceus has been used in Chinese traditional medicine for extending lifespan. Scarce information exists on the effects of TA-65 on parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: We recruited 40 patients with MetS to determine the effects of TA-65 on dyslipidemias, hypertension, and oxidative stress in this at-risk population.

Compared to an Oatmeal Breakfast, Two Eggs/Day Increased Plasma Carotenoids and Choline without Increasing Trimethyl Amine N-Oxide Concentrations.

Background: Habitual consumption of eggs has been hypothesized to positively modify biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk through proposed antioxidant properties.

Objectives: To examine this relationship, 50 young, healthy men and women were enrolled into a randomized crossover clinical intervention.

Methods: Participants consumed either 2 eggs per day or one packet of oatmeal a day for 4 weeks, followed by a 3-week wash-out and crossed over to the alternate breakfast.

Low-fat yogurt consumption reduces biomarkers of chronic inflammation and inhibits markers of endotoxin exposure in healthy premenopausal women: a randomised controlled trial.

The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of low-fat dairy product consumption are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether low-fat yogurt reduces biomarkers of chronic inflammation and endotoxin exposure in women. Premenopausal women (BMI 18·5-27 and 30-40 kg/m2) were randomised to consume 339 g of low-fat yogurt (yogurt non-obese (YN); yogurt obese (YO)) or 324 g of soya pudding (control non-obese; control obese (CO)) daily for 9 weeks (n 30/group).

Consuming Two Eggs per Day, as Compared to an Oatmeal Breakfast, Decreases Plasma Ghrelin while Maintaining the LDL/HDL Ratio.

Eggs contain high quality protein, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, yet regular consumption is still met with uncertainty. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of consuming two eggs per day or a heart-healthy oatmeal breakfast on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and satiety measures in a young, healthy population. Fifty subjects participated in a randomized crossover clinical intervention; subjects were randomly allocated to consume either two eggs or one packet of oatmeal per day for breakfast for four weeks.

Intake of up to 3 Eggs/Day Increases HDL Cholesterol and Plasma Choline While Plasma Trimethylamine-N-oxide is Unchanged in a Healthy Population.

Eggs are a source of cholesterol and choline and may impact plasma lipids and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations, which are biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Therefore, the effects of increasing egg intake (0, 1, 2, and 3 eggs/day) on these and other CVD risk biomarkers were evaluated in a young, healthy population. Thirty-eight subjects [19 men/19 women, 24.

Intake of up to 3 Eggs per Day Is Associated with Changes in HDL Function and Increased Plasma Antioxidants in Healthy, Young Adults.

HDL function may be more important than HDL concentration in determining risk for cardiovascular disease. In addition, HDL is a carrier of carotenoids and antioxidant enzymes, which protect HDL and LDL particles against oxidation. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of consuming 0-3 eggs/d on LDL and HDL particle size, HDL function, and plasma antioxidants in a young, healthy population.

The Potential of Non-Provitamin A Carotenoids for the Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an obesity-associated spectrum of comorbidities defined by the presence of metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver. If left untreated, NAFLD can progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is recognized as the most common liver disease in the United States, affecting around 30% of the population.

Compared with Powdered Lutein, a Lutein Nanoemulsion Increases Plasma and Liver Lutein, Protects against Hepatic Steatosis, and Affects Lipoprotein Metabolism in Guinea Pigs.

Background: It is not clear how oil-in-water nanoemulsions of lutein may affect bioavailability and consequently alter lipoprotein metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation.

Objective: The bioavailability as well as effects of a powdered lutein (PL) and an oil-in-water lutein nanoemulsion (NANO; particle size: 254.2 nm; polydispersity index: 0.

Dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane treatment of venous leg ulcers: correlation between 4-week and 24-week outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate correct correlation between an intermediate rate of wound reduction (40% wound area reduction after 4-weeks treatment) and complete healing at 24 weeks in patients with a venous leg ulcer (VLU).

Method: A retrospective follow-up study of patients completing a multicenter randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing the number of patients achieving at least 40% healing of their VLU within 4-weeks of treatment with either dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane (dHACM) allograft or multilayer compression only was conducted. Outcomes assessed were rates of complete healing within 24 weeks of enrolment and days to healing.

The Regulation of Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Cellular Cholesterol Homeostasis by MicroRNAs.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that have the ability to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Hundreds of miRNAs have been identified in humans and they are involved in the regulation of almost every process, including cholesterol transport, metabolism, and maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis. Because of their small size and their ability to very specifically regulate gene expression, miRNAs are attractive targets for the regulation of dyslipidemias and other lipid-related disorders.