Activation of SIRT3/AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy promotes quercetin-induced ferroptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Quercetin has been reported to inhibit the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but the mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the involvement of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and the autophagy-dependent form of cell death, ferroptosis, in the pathogenesis of OSCC, and observe the impacts of quercetin on ferroptosis and SIRT3/AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy.

Methods: SIRT3 knock out or overexpressing SCC15 cell line was generated, treated with indicated drugs, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS levels were measured.

Resting-state network alterations in depression: a comprehensive meta-analysis of functional connectivity.

Background: Depression has been linked to disruptions in resting-state networks (RSNs). However, inconsistent findings on RSN disruptions, with variations in reported connectivity within and between RSNs, complicate the understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying depression.

Methods: A systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science identified studies that employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore RSN changes in depression.

Genome-wide analysis identifies novel shared loci between depression and white matter microstructure.

Depression, a complex and heritable psychiatric disorder, is associated with alterations in white matter microstructure, yet their shared genetic basis remains largely unclear. Utilizing the largest available genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets for depression (N = 674,452) and white matter microstructure (N = 33,224), assessed through diffusion tensor imaging metrics such as fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), we employed linkage disequilibrium score regression method to estimate global genetic correlations, local analysis of [co]variant association approach to pinpoint genomic regions with local genetic correlations, and conjunctional false discovery rate analysis to identify shared variants. Our findings revealed that depression showed significant local genetic correlations with FA in 37 genomic regions and with MD in 59 regions, while global genetic correlations were weak.

Nur77 Promotes Inflammation in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Through Transactivation of SERPINA3 Mediating Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.

Aim: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common complication in the treatment of cisplatin, which is a clinically effective and classical anticancer drug. Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nur77 has been found to promote renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury. In this study, we aim to explore the effects of Nur77 on cisplatin-induced AKI (CI-AKI) and its underlying mechanism.

LncRNA-MEG3 Mediated Diabetic Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury-Induced Apoptosis via Modulating Interaction Between Annexin A2 and Akt in Mitochondria.

Background: In clinical domains, encompassing neurosurgery and macrovascular cardiac procedures, certain interventions result in cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury (CIRI). Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of CIRI and worsens the severity of neurological impairment. It was documented that lncRNA-MEG3 contributed to the pathogenesis of CIRI.

Development of short forms for screening children's dental caries and urgent treatment needs using item response theory and machine learning methods.

Objectives: Surveys can assist in screening oral diseases in populations to enhance the early detection of disease and intervention strategies for children in need. This paper aims to develop short forms of child-report and proxy-report survey screening instruments for active dental caries and urgent treatment needs in school-age children.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 497 distinct dyads of children aged 8-17 and their parents between 2015 to 2019 from 14 dental clinics and private practices in Los Angeles County.

Preparation of reversible cross-linked amphiphilic polymeric micelles with pH-responsive behavior for smart drug delivery.

A new type of reversible cross-linked and pH-responsive polymeric micelle (PM), poly[polyethylene glycol methacrylate--2-(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate]--poly [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] [P(PEGMA--AEMA)--PDMAEMA], was synthesized for targeted delivery of curcumin. After reversible cross-linking of the micellar shell, the PMs with a typical core-shell structure exhibited excellent stability against extensive dilution and good reversibility of pH-responsiveness in solutions with different pH values. P(PEGMA--AEMA)--PDMAEMA has the lowest critical micelle concentration (CMC) value (0.

Heart-brain connections: Phenotypic and genetic insights from magnetic resonance images.

Cardiovascular health interacts with cognitive and mental health in complex ways, yet little is known about the phenotypic and genetic links of heart-brain systems. We quantified heart-brain connections using multiorgan magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from more than 40,000 subjects. Heart MRI traits displayed numerous association patterns with brain gray matter morphometry, white matter microstructure, and functional networks.

ETS2 promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy in heart failure by regulating lncRNA TUG1/miR-129-5p/ATG7 axis.

Heart failure (HF) is a chronic disease in which the heart is unable to provide enough blood and oxygen to the peripheral tissues. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy have been linked to HF progression. However, the underlying mechanism of HF is unknown.

LESA: Longitudinal Elastic Shape Analysis of Brain Subcortical Structures.

Over the past 30 years, magnetic resonance imaging has become a ubiquitous tool for accurately visualizing the change and development of the brain's subcortical structures (e.g., hippocampus).

An atlas of trait associations with resting-state and task-evoked human brain functional organizations in the UK Biobank.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used to identify brain regions linked to critical functions, such as language and vision, and to detect tumors, strokes, brain injuries, and diseases. It is now known that large sample sizes are necessary for fMRI studies to detect small effect sizes and produce reproducible results. Here we report a systematic association analysis of 647 traits with imaging features extracted from resting-state and task-evoked fMRI data of more than 40,000 UK Biobank participants.

Therapeutic effect of sodium‑glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and benazepril on diabetic nephropathic rats.

The present study aimed to compare the therapeutic effect of sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and benazepril on diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats and provide a potential novel agent for the clinical treatment of DN. The DN model was established on rats. Animals were dosed orally with SGLT2 and benazepril daily for 4 weeks.

extract alleviates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, and alters autophagy and gut microbiota diversity in mouse models of high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major global health concern with increasing prevalence, with a lack of currently available effective treatment options; thus, the investigation of novel therapeutic approaches is necessary. The study aimed to investigate the outcomes and mechanisms of action of extract (FDE) in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model of obesity. The findings showed that FDE supplementation attenuated glucose tolerance, insulin resistance (IR), hepatic steatosis, and abnormal lipid metabolism.

Ingestible sensor system for measuring, monitoring and enhancing adherence to antiretroviral therapy: An open-label, usual care-controlled, randomised trial.

Background: Co-encapsulated antiretrovirals (ARVs) with ingestible sensor (IS) has the capacity to monitor adherence in real-time using a sensor patch, a mobile device, and supporting software. We evaluated the acceptability, effectiveness, and sustainability of the IS system with real-time text reminders.

Methods: Participants were recruited from HIV clinics in Los Angeles and were randomised 1:1 to IS or usual care (UC) group.

Quantitative data collection approaches in subject-reported oral health research: a scoping review.

Background: This scoping review reports on studies that collect survey data using quantitative research to measure self-reported oral health status outcome measures. The objective of this review is to categorize measures used to evaluate self-reported oral health status and oral health quality of life used in surveys of general populations.

Methods: The review is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) with the search on four online bibliographic databases.

The ATEAM study: Advances in technology to enhance PrEP adherence monitoring (ATEAM) among young men who have sex with men.

Young age has consistently correlated with lower adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Digital medicine, a dynamic healthcare platform of wearable physiological sensors and mobile communication technology that can respond to medication nonadherence rapidly, has the potential in promoting PrEP adherence. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of Proteus Discover, a digital monitoring adherence system, to measure PrEP adherence and provide real-time feedback among cisgender YMSM and transgender women.

Investigating Perceptions of Teachers and School Nurses on Child and Adolescent Oral Health in Los Angeles County.

This study reports the results of focus groups with school nurses and teachers from elementary, middle, and high schools to explore their perceptions of child and adolescent oral health. Participants included 14 school nurses and 15 teachers (83% female; 31% Hispanic; 21% White; 21% Asian; 14% African American; and 13% Others). Respondents were recruited from Los Angeles County schools and scheduled by school level for six one-hour focus groups using .

Common variants contribute to intrinsic human brain functional networks.

The human brain forms functional networks of correlated activity, which have been linked with both cognitive and clinical outcomes. However, the genetic variants affecting brain function are largely unknown. Here, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance images from 47,276 individuals to discover and validate common genetic variants influencing intrinsic brain activity.

Ion-Pair Compounds of Strychnine for Enhancing Skin Permeability: Influencing the Transdermal Processes In Vitro Based on Molecular Simulation.

This research aimed to explore how Strychnine (Str) ion-pair compounds affect the in vitro transdermal process. In order to prevent the influence of different functional groups on skin permeation, seven homologous fatty acids were selected to form ion-pair compounds with Str. The in vitro permeation fluxes of the Str ion-pair compounds were 2.

Using a Machine Learning Algorithm to Predict the Likelihood of Presence of Dental Caries among Children Aged 2 to 7.

Background: Dental caries is the most common chronic childhood infectious disease and is a serious public health problem affecting both developing and industrialized countries, yet it is preventable in most cases. This study evaluated the potential of screening for dental caries among children using a machine learning algorithm applied to parent perceptions of their child's oral health assessed by survey.

Methods: The sample consisted of 182 parents/caregivers and their children 2-7 years of age living in Los Angeles County.

Common genetic variation influencing human white matter microstructure.

Brain regions communicate with each other through tracts of myelinated axons, commonly referred to as white matter. We identified common genetic variants influencing white matter microstructure using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging of 43,802 individuals. Genome-wide association analysis identified 109 associated loci, 30 of which were detected by tract-specific functional principal components analysis.

Pandemic velocity: Forecasting COVID-19 in the US with a machine learning & Bayesian time series compartmental model.

Predictions of COVID-19 case growth and mortality are critical to the decisions of political leaders, businesses, and individuals grappling with the pandemic. This predictive task is challenging due to the novelty of the virus, limited data, and dynamic political and societal responses. We embed a Bayesian time series model and a random forest algorithm within an epidemiological compartmental model for empirically grounded COVID-19 predictions.

Toxicity evaluation of mesoporous silica particles Santa Barbara No. 15 amorphous in human umbilical vein endothelial cells: influence of particle morphology.

Morphology plays a vital role in determining the biological effects of silica nanoparticles (NPs), but its influence on the toxicity of silica NPs in endothelial cells (ECs) is still inconclusive. We synthesized five kinds of Santa Barbara 15 amorphous (SBA-15) particles with different shapes and added them to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). After 24 After incubation and treatment with 100 ml, more than 80% of the cells are still alive.