Quercetin and taxifolin enhance immunity in Chinese sucker (Myxocyprinus asiaticus) and increase its resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila.

This study investigated the effects of short-term exposure to flavonoids, specifically quercetin and taxifolin, on the transcriptomic responses of Chinese sucker (Myxocyprinus asiaticus) to validate their influence on gene expression related to immunity, antioxidant activity, and metabolism. Using transcriptomic data, we also analyzed their influence on relevant immune genes and examined the Chinese suckers' resistance to A. hydrophila.

Characterization of ultrasonic-assisted antifungal film loaded with fermented walnut meal on Rosa roxburghii Tratt during near-freezing temperature storage.

Fermented walnut meal (FW) has antifungal activity against Penicillium victoriae, a fungus responsible for Rosa roxbughii Tratt spoilage. This study characterized and applied ultrasonic-assisted antifungal film loaded with FW to preserve R. roxbughii Tratt during near-freezing temperature (NFT).

Isolation, identification, and synergistic mechanism of a novel antimicrobial peptide and phenolic compound from fermented walnut meal and their application in Rosa roxbughii Tratt spoilage fungus.

This study aimed to identify an antimicrobial peptide and phenolic compound combination derived from fermented walnut meal against Penicillium. victoriae, a fungus responsible for Rosa. roxbughii Tratt spoilage, and ultimately investigate their synergistic mechanism.

Characterizing Adrenergic Regulation of Glucose Transporter 4-Mediated Glucose Uptake and Metabolism in the Heart.

Whereas adrenergic stimulation promotes cardiac function that demands more fuel and energy, how this receptor controls cardiac glucose metabolism is not defined. This study shows that the cardiac β adrenoreceptor (βAR) is required to increase glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)-mediated glucose uptake in myocytes and glucose oxidation in working hearts via activating the cardiac βAR and promotes the G inhibitory-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B cascade to increase phosphorylation of TBC1D4 (aka AS160), a Rab guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein, which is a key enzyme to mobilize GLUT4. Furthermore, deleting G-protein receptor kinase phosphorylation sites of βAR blocked adrenergic stimulation of GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake in myocytes and hearts.

Acute, High Dose Metformin Therapy at Reperfusion Decreases Infarct Size in the High-Risk Aging Heart.

Elderly patients (age > 75) sustain larger infarcts with greater mortality from ST elevation myocardial infarcts (STEMI) despite successful reperfusion treatment. Elderly age remains an independent risk despite correction for clinical and angiographic variables. The elderly represent a high-risk population and may benefit from treatment in addition to reperfusion alone.

Sestrin2 Mediates Metformin Rescued the Age-Related Cardiac Dysfunctions of Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 3.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) leads to acute cardiac injury and dysfunction in cardiorenal syndrome Type 3 (CRS3) through oxidative stress (OS). The stress-inducible Sestrin2 (Sesn2) protein reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and activates AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) to regulate cellular metabolism and energetics during OS. Sesn2 levels and its protective effects decline in the aged heart.

Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence studies of fluvoxamine maleate tablets in healthy Chinese subjects.

Fluvoxamine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor commonly used for various types of depression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of fluvoxamine maleate tablets orally on an empty stomach and after a meal in healthy adult Chinese subjects and to preliminarily evaluate their safety. A single-center, randomized, open-label, two-drug, two-period, crossover, single-dose trial protocol was designed.

Cardiomyocyte Pdk4 response is associated with metabolic maladaptation in aging.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death, with age range being the primary factor for development. The mechanisms by which aging increases vulnerability to ischemic insult are not well understood. We aim to use single-cell RNA sequencing to discover transcriptional differences in various cell types between aged and young mice, which may contribute to aged-related vulnerability to ischemic insult.

Sirtuin 1 aggravates hypertrophic heart failure caused by pressure overload via shifting energy metabolism.

Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is involved in regulating substrate metabolism in the cardiovascular system. Metabolic homeostasis plays a critical role in hypertrophic heart failure. We hypothesize that cardiac SIRT1 can modulate substrate metabolism during pressure overload-induced heart failure.

Nrf2 transcriptional upregulation of IDH2 to tune mitochondrial dynamics and rescue angiogenic function of diabetic EPCs.

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are reduced in number and impaired in function in diabetic patients. Whether and how Nrf2 regulates the function of diabetic EPCs remains unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes were decreased in EPCs from both diabetic patients and db/db mice.

Age-Independent Cardiac Protection by Pharmacological Activation of Beclin-1 During Endotoxemia and Its Association With Energy Metabolic Reprograming in Myocardium-A Targeted Metabolomics Study.

Background We showed that Beclin-1-dependent autophagy protects the heart in young and adult mice that underwent endotoxemia. Herein, we compared the potential therapeutic effects of Beclin-1 activating peptide, TB-peptide, on endotoxemia-induced cardiac outcomes in young adult and aged mice. We further evaluated lipopolysaccharide (lipopolysaccharide)-induced and TB-peptide treatment-mediated alterations in myocardial metabolism.

Activated Protein C Strengthens Cardiac Tolerance to Ischemic Insults in Aging.

Background: APC (activated protein C) is a plasma serine protease with anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory activities. EPCR (Endothelial protein C receptor) is associated with APC's activity and mediates its downstream signaling events. APC exerts cardioprotective effects during ischemia and reperfusion (I/R).

The microbiological diagnostic performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in patients with sepsis.

Background: In this study, we aimed to perform a comprehensive analysis on the metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the etiological diagnosis of septic patients, and further to establish optimal read values for detecting common pathogens.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, septic patients who underwent pathogen detection by both microbial culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the intensive care unit of the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen from June 24, 2015, to October 20, 2019, were included.

Results: A total of 193 patients with 305 detected specimens were included in the final analysis.

Development of septic shock and prognostic assessment in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease outside Wuhan, China.

Background: The study aims to illustrate the clinical characteristics and development of septic shock in intensive care unit (ICU) patients confirmed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and to perform a comprehensive analysis of the association between septic shock and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Methods: Patients confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, who were admitted to the ICU of the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen from January 1 to February 7, 2020, were enrolled. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between patients with and without septic shock.

Alterations in mitochondrial dynamics with age-related Sirtuin1/Sirtuin3 deficiency impair cardiomyocyte contractility.

Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and Sirtuin3 (SIRT3) protects cardiac function against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondria are critical in response to myocardial I/R injury as disturbance of mitochondrial dynamics contributes to cardiac dysfunction. It is hypothesized that SIRT1 and SIRT3 are critical components to maintaining mitochondria homeostasis especially mitochondrial dynamics to exert cardioprotective actions under I/R stress.

Virus load and virus shedding of SARS-CoV-2 and their impact on patient outcomes.

Background: Understanding a virus shedding patterns in body fluids/secretions is important to determine the samples to be used for diagnosis and to formulate infection control measures.

Aim: To investigate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shedding patterns and its risk factors.

Methods: All laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 patients with complete medical records admitted to the Shenzhen Third People's Hospital from January 28, 2020 to March 8, 2020 were included.

Sestrin2 maintains OXPHOS integrity to modulate cardiac substrate metabolism during ischemia and reperfusion.

Sestrin2 (Sesn2) is a stress-inducible protein that declines with aging in the heart. We reported that rescue Sesn2 levels in aged mouse hearts through gene therapy improves the resistance of aged hearts to ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) insults. We hypothesize that Sesn2 as a scaffold protein maintains mitochondrial integrity to protect heart from ischemic injury during I/R.

The Clinical Features and Prognostic Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Induced Sepsis Among COVID-19 Patients in Shenzhen, China.

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that began in December 2019 has posed a great threat to human health and caused a significant loss of life. In Shenzhen, 465 patients were confirmed to have COVID-19 as of August 31, 2020. In the present study, we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Shenzhen and identify risk factors for the development of viral sepsis.

SIRT1/SIRT3 Modulates Redox Homeostasis during Ischemia/Reperfusion in the Aging Heart.

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the central cause of global death in cardiovascular diseases, which is characterized by disorders such as angina, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, finally causing severe debilitating diseases and death. The increased rates of morbidity and mortality caused by I/R are parallel with aging. Aging-associated cardiac physiological structural and functional deterioration were found to contribute to abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during I/R stress.