Associations of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and screen time with physical fitness index: a multicentre cross-sectional study among Chinese adolescents.

Background: Past research has focused on the analysis of the association between sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and screen time, respectively, and an indicator of physical fitness in adolescents. However, no studies have analyzed the interaction between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and screen time on physical fitness index.

Methods: Demographic information, lifestyle, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and screen time were investigated and physical fitness indicators were tested in 8136 adolescents aged 13-18 years from six geographic regions of China using stage-stratified whole population sampling.

Sex differences in the association between waist circumference and physical fitness index among Tajik adolescents in the Pamir Mountains of Xinjiang, China: an observational study.

Background: It has been reported in the literature that waist circumference (WC) was related to physical fitness in adolescents. However, the association between WC and PFI(physical fitness index), a comprehensive indicator of physical fitness, has been less studied. In addition, it is not clear whether the association between WC and PFI changes depending on altitude, ethnicity, and sex.

Combined effect of ozone and household air pollution on COPD in people aged less than 50 years old.

Objectives: Air pollution has been suggested as an important risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, evidence of interactive effects on COPD between different factors was sparse, especially for young adults. We aimed to assess the combined effects of ambient ozone (O) and household air pollution on COPD in young individuals.

Methods: We conducted a population-based study of residents aged 15-50 years in the low-income and middle-income regions of western China.

Comparison of the lower limit of normal to the fixed ratio method for the diagnosis of airflow obstruction at high altitudes: a large cross-sectional survey of subjects living between 3000-4700 m above sea level.

Background: There is no general agreement on the preferential use of a fixed ratio (FR) of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV)/forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.7 vs. the lower limit of normal (LLN) of FEV/FVC to define airflow obstruction.

Ambient particulate matter associates with asthma in high altitude region: A population-based study.

Background: Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been a major public health threat, but the potentially differential effects on asthma of PM remain largely unknown in high altitude settings. We evaluated the effects of ambient PM on asthma in high altitude settings.

Methods: The study recruited a representative sample from high altitude settings using a multistage stratified sampling procedure.

High-flow nasal oxygen reduces the incidence of hypoxia in sedated hysteroscopy for assisted reproduction.

Backgrounds And Aims: Pain is the main reason for hysteroscopy failure. In day-surgical settings, hysteroscopy procedures are commonly performed with the patient under sedation. Hypoxia is the most common adverse event during sedation and can lead to severe adverse events.

Effect of Respiration Training-Assisted Western Medicine Therapy on Activity Tolerance, Pulmonary Function, and Quality of Life of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients in the Stable Phase.

Objective: To explore the effect of respiration training-assisted western medicine therapy on activity tolerance, pulmonary function, and quality of life (QOL) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in the stable phase.

Methods: The medical data of 90 COPD patients in the stable phase treated in the respiratory medicine of our hospital (November 2020-November 2021) were chosen for the retrospective analysis, and the patients were split into group A ( = 45, respiration training-assisted western medicine therapy) and group B ( = 45, western medicine therapy) according to the clinical reception order, so as to record and compare the activity tolerance, lung function, and QOL between the groups after intervention.

Results: Compared with group B after intervention, group A showed greatly longer mean 6-min walking distance, significantly lower St.

Airflow obstruction and small airway dysfunction following pulmonary tuberculosis: a cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: Pulmonary function impairment and chronic respiratory symptoms after tuberculosis are relatively common in low-income and middle-income countries. We aimed to estimate the impact of post-tuberculosis (post-TB) on pulmonary function.

Methods: This large cross-sectional, population-based study included subjects aged 15 years or older with technically acceptable postbronchodilator spirometry measurements.

Solid Fuel Exposure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Never-Smokers.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a public health challenge globally. The burden of COPD is high in never-smokers but little is known about its causes. We aimed to find the prevalence and correlates of COPD in never-smokers, with a special focus on solid fuel exposure.

Staem5: A novel computational approachfor accurate prediction of m5C site.

5-Methylcytosine (m5C) is an important post-transcriptional modification that has been extensively found in multiple types of RNAs. Many studies have shown that m5C plays vital roles in many biological functions, such as RNA structure stability and metabolism. Computational approaches act as an efficient way to identify m5C sites from high-throughput RNA sequence data and help interpret the functional mechanism of this important modification.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for COPD at High Altitude: A Large Cross-Sectional Survey of Subjects Living Between 2,100-4,700 m Above Sea Level.

Four hundred million people live at high altitude worldwide. Prevalence and risk factors for COPD in these populations are poorly documented. We examined the prevalence and risk factors for COPD in residents living at an altitude of 2,100-4,700 m.

[A preliminary study of the distribution and the characteristics of nonspecific pulmonary function].

Objective: To investigate the manifestations, pulmonary function test (PFT) characteristics and imaging features of patients with nonspecific pulmonary function (NSPF).

Methods: All the data from the same PFT apparatus in Beijing Hospital were collected from January 2003 to December 2012. NSPF was defined as normal FEV1/FVC and TLC, but decreased FEV1 or FVC or both.

Silver-Promoted Benzannulations of Siloxy Alkynes with Pyridinium and Isoquinolinium Salts.

We describe the development of efficient benzannulations of siloxy alkynes with pyridinium and isoquinolinium salts. Such reactions are successfully promoted by a stoichiometric amount of silver(I) benzolate under mild reaction conditions. This process proceeds via a formal inverse-electron demand Diels-Alder reaction, followed by fragmentation of the initially produced bicyclic adducts to deliver a range of synthetically useful phenols and naphthols.

Label-assisted mass spectrometry for the acceleration of reaction discovery and optimization.

The identification of new reactions expands our knowledge of chemical reactivity and enables new synthetic applications. Accelerating the pace of this discovery process remains challenging. We describe a highly effective and simple platform for screening a large number of potential chemical reactions in order to discover and optimize previously unknown catalytic transformations, thereby revealing new chemical reactivity.

Assembly of four diverse heterocyclic libraries enabled by Prins cyclization, Au-catalyzed enyne cycloisomerization, and automated amide synthesis.

We describe a unified synthetic strategy for efficient assembly of four new heterocyclic libraries. The synthesis began by creating a range of structurally diverse pyrrolidinones or piperidinones. Such compounds were obtained in a simple one-flask operation starting with readily available amines, ketoesters, and unsaturated anhydrides.

Modular and stereoselective synthesis of tetrasubstituted helical alkenes via a palladium-catalyzed domino reaction.

A highly modular and stereoselective synthesis of tetrasubstituted helical alkenes is accomplished by a Pd-catalyzed norbornene-mediated domino reaction. This protocol features the rapid assembly of four C-C bonds via sequential C-H activations and carbopalladations along with efficient access to enantiopure bromoalkyl aryl alkyne precursors using homologative alkynylation as the key transformation. Three distinct elements of stereoselectivity were observed in the preparation of the chiral helical alkenes: retention of stereochemistry of the substrates, induced helical diastereoselectivity in the alkene formation, and the exclusive exo-facial selectivity of the norbornene incorporation.

Mechanistic studies of Pd-catalyzed regioselective aryl C-H bond functionalization with strained alkenes: origin of regioselectivity.

Mechanistic studies of a palladium-catalyzed regioselective aryl C-H functionalization of 2-pyrrole phenyl iodide with norbornene are presented. Kinetic and spectroscopic analyses together with crystallographic data provide evidence for intermediates in a proposed stepwise mechanism. On the basis of the mechanistic studies, the origin of the regioselectivity is due to a ligand exchange between I(-) and HO(-) on the norbornyl palladium complex.

Synthesis of 2-oxazolones and α-aminoketones via palladium-catalyzed reaction of β,β-dibromoenamides.

β,β-Dibromoenamides show two different interesting reactivities based on the choice of R group under the reaction conditions. On the basis of mechanistic studies, both reactions proceed via an intermolecular Suzuki-Miyaura C-C coupling and an intramolecular C-O coupling.

Tandem Pd-catalyzed double C-C bond formation: effect of water.

A highly efficient water-accelerated palladium-catalyzed reaction of gem-dibromoolefins with a boronic acid via a tandem Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and direct arylation is reported. A wide range of aryl, alkenyl, and alkyl boronic acids, as well as a variety of substitution patterns on the phenyl ring, are tolerated. Additionally, mechanistic studies were conducted to ascertain the order of the couplings as well as the role(s) of water.

The norbornene shuttle: multicomponent domino synthesis of tetrasubstituted helical alkenes through multiple C--H functionalization.

Shall we dance? Within the proposed mechanism for the palladium-catalyzed title reaction, the strained alkene norbornene (or norbornadiene) enters and exits the catalytic cycle in a catalytic "square dance", acting as both a promoter and a coupling partner in the formation of four carbon-carbon bonds, two of them by challenging C--H activation processes.