Suppression of the H3K27me3 demethylase disrupts diapause formation in mosquito Culex pipiens.

Diapause (D) is a hormonally controlled alternative developmental pathway that allows mosquitoes to survive harsh winter conditions. Key characteristics of mosquito diapause include elevated lipid storage, enhanced stress and cold endurance, and extended longevity. These phenotypic changes are often associated with dynamic alterations in the transcriptome and epigenome.

Genome-wide identification of PAR domain protein 1 (PDP1) targets through ChIP-seq reveals the regulation of diapause-specific characteristics in Culex pipiens.

Insects use seasonal diapause as an alternative strategy to endure adverse seasons. This developmental trajectory is induced by environmental cues like short-day lengths in late summer and early fall, but how insects measure day length is unknown. The circadian clock has been implicated in regulating photoperiodic or seasonal responses in many insects, including the Northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens, which enters adult diapause.

Transcription profiling reveals tissue-specific metabolic pathways in the fat body and ovary of the diapausing mosquito Culex pipiens.

The northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens, employs diapause as an essential survival strategy during winter, inducing important phenotypic changes such as enhanced stress tolerance, lipid accumulation, and extended longevity. During diapause, the cessation of reproductive development represents another distinctive phenotypic change, underlining the need for adjusted modulation of gene expressions within the ovary. Although considerable advancements in screening gene expression profiles in diapausing and non-diapausing mosquitoes, there remains a gap in tissue-specific transcriptomic profiling that could elucidate the complicated formation of diverse diapause features in Cx.

The diapausing mosquito Culex pipiens exhibits reduced levels of H3K27me2 in the fat body.

Culex pipiens, the northern house mosquito, is a major vector of West Nile virus. To survive the severe winter, adult mosquitoes enter a diapause programme. Extended lifespan and an increase in lipid storage are key indicators of diapause.

Identification of CYCLE targets that contribute diverse features of circadian rhythms in the mosquito Culex pipiens.

Culex pipiens demonstrates robust circadian rhythms in adult eclosion, flight activity, mating, and development. These rhythmic patterns are believed to be controlled by the endogenous light-entrainable circadian clock that consists of positive and negative regulators working in a transcription-translation feedback loop. Moreover, these mosquitoes undergo seasonal diapause in exposure to the short photoperiod of late summer or early fall.

Oxygen Reduction Reaction with Manganese Oxide Nanospheres in Microbial Fuel Cells.

Operating microbial fuel cells (MFCs) under extreme pH conditions offers a substantial benefit. Acidic conditions suppress the growth of undesirable methanogens and increase redox potential for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs), and alkaline conditions increase the electrocatalytic activity. However, operating any fuel cells, including MFCs, is difficult under such extreme pH conditions.

Reducing Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Use in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Reduce AMMO Study.

Background: The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in critically ill adults is increasing. There are currently no guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis. We analyzed 7 years of prophylactic antimicrobial use across 3 time series for patients on ECMO at our institution in the development, improvement, and streamlining of our ECMO antimicrobial prophylaxis protocol.

Hydrodechlorination of Dichloromethane by a Metal-Free Triazole-Porphyrin Electrocatalyst: Demonstration of Main-Group Element Electrocatalysis*.

In this work, the electrocatalytic reduction of dichloromethane (CH Cl ) into hydrocarbons involving a main group element-based molecular triazole-porphyrin electrocatalyst H2PorT8 is reported. This catalyst converted CH Cl in acetonitrile to various hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, and ethylene) with a Faradaic efficiency of 70 % and current density of -13 mA cm at a potential of -2.2 V vs.

Prevalence of sick building syndrome symptoms and its associated factors among bank employees in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of sick building syndrome symptoms and its associated factors among bank employees. Data were collected through a self-administered MM040NA questionnaire among 234 employees of commercial banks in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal. The prevalence of general, ocular, respiratory, and dermal sick building syndrome symptoms was 47.

Machine learning in data abstraction: A computable phenotype for sepsis and septic shock diagnosis in the intensive care unit.

Background: With the recent change in the definition (Sepsis-3 Definition) of sepsis and septic shock, an electronic search algorithm was required to identify the cases for data automation. This supervised machine learning method would help screen a large amount of electronic medical records (EMR) for efficient research purposes.

Aim: To develop and validate a computable phenotype via supervised machine learning method for retrospectively identifying sepsis and septic shock in critical care patients.

Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Small Incision Sutureless Intrastromal Lamellar Keratoplasty (SILK) for Corneal Transplantation in Keratoconus.

Purpose: To describe a femtosecond laser-assisted small incision sutureless intrastromal lamellar keratoplasty in an eye with severe keratoconus and report on the outcome with a 1-year follow-up.

Methods: A 20-year-old man with a history of keratoconus presented for evaluation at the Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, Nepal. The patient had previously undergone a deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in the left eye.

Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) for Hyperopia: 12-Month Refractive and Visual Outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate visual and refractive outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for hyperopia.

Methods: This was a prospective study of vertex-centered hyperopic SMILE using the VisuMax femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). Inclusion criteria were maximum attempted hyperopic meridian of between +1.

Apparent thermal and UHT stability of native, homogenized and recombined creams with different average fat globule sizes.

Milk fat globule size plays a significant role in stability, microstructure and nutritional functionalities of dairy-based products. Understanding of thermal stability of differentiated-size fat globules in dairy creams can provide intervention opportunities for improving functionalities and shelf-life of dairy-based products. This study focused on apparent thermal and UHT stability of native, homogenized (from native cream) and recombined creams (sodium caseinate-stabilized anhydrous milk fat) as a function of their fat globule sizes at 18 and 36% fat contents.

Small Incision Lenticule Extraction for Hyperopia: 3-Month Refractive and Visual Outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate visual and refractive outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for hyperopia.

Methods: This prospective study of vertex-centered hyperopic SMILE used the VisuMax femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). Inclusion criteria were maximum attempted hyperopic meridian of between +1.

Constructing Item Banks for Measuring Quality of Life in Refractive Error.

Significance: Existing patient-reported outcome instruments in refractive error are paper-based questionnaires. They are not comprehensive and psychometrically robust. This study has identified the content of the refractive error-specific item banks that aim to provide comprehensive and scientific measurement of refractive error-specific quality of life.

Pattern of Self-medication in Undergraduate Students at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences.

Background Self-medication is a growing health problem. It may lead to wastage of resources, emergence of antimicrobial resistance, adverse drug reactions and prolonged suffering. Little has been reported on the extent of self-medication practiced in medical students in Nepal.

Uncorrected and corrected refractive error experiences of Nepalese adults: a qualitative study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of corrected and uncorrected refractive error (URE) on Nepalese people's quality of life (QoL), and to compare the QoL status between refractive error subgroups.

Methods: Participants were recruited from Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology and Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 101 people with refractive error.

Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) for Hyperopia: Optical Zone Diameter and Spherical Aberration Induction.

Purpose: To evaluate optical zone diameter efficacy and spherical aberration change in hyperopic small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

Methods: Prospective study of 60 consecutive hyperopic SMILE procedures using the VisuMax femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) and matched LASIK procedures with the VisuMax and MEL 80 excimer (Carl Zeiss Meditec) lasers. Inclusion criteria were maximum attempted hyperopic meridian of between +1.

Contact lenses for visual rehabilitation in Bilateral Nanophthalmos with Retinal Dystrophy- A case report.

Background: Nanophthalmos is an uncommon developmental ocular disorder characterized by a small eye with short axial length, high hyperopia and high lens to eye volume ratio due to arrested development of the globe in all directions. Different types of fundus changes can rarely occur with nanophthalmos.

Observations: This is a case report of a 17 years old female who presented with bilateral gradual progressive visual loss and photophobia at Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology on 3rd July 2015.

Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) for Hyperopia: Optical Zone Centration.

Purpose: To evaluate optical zone centration of hyperopic small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

Methods: This prospective study of 60 consecutive hyperopic SMILE procedures used the VisuMax femtosecond laser and matched LASIK procedures with the VisuMax and MEL 80 excimer lasers (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany). Inclusion criteria were maximum attempted hyperopic meridian of between +1.

Quality control outcomes analysis of small-incision lenticule extraction for myopia by a novice surgeon at the first refractive surgery unit in Nepal during the first 2 years of operation.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of small-incision lenticule extraction for myopia using the Visumax femtosecond laser at the first refractive surgery unit in Nepal during the first 30 months of operation.

Setting: Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Design: Retrospective noncomparative case series.

Ocular morbidity among orphanages.

Introduction: The study assesses the spectrum of ocular morbidity and predictors of morbidity in children living in orphanages in the Kathmandu Valley.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was performed at 12 orphanages over a period of three months. The survey included a questionnaire and a complete eye examination, which included measurement of refraction, ocular deviation, and a fundus exam.

Pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: a guide to assessment and treatment.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent or persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced as intrusive or distressing (obsessions), and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) often performed in response to an obsession. Recent epidemiological studies have found lifetime prevalence of pediatric OCD to be approximately 1-4% in the USA. OCD begins before the age of 18 years for as many as 80% of cases and follows a chronic, unremitting course.