Contrasting the microbiomes from healthy volunteers and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Importance: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the persistent inflammation of the sinus and nasal passages lasting over 3 months. The etiology of CRS is not well understood.

Objective: To obtain insights into the disease process, we contrasted the microbiome and immune response from patients with CRS and healthy controls.

Matrix metalloprotease 9 mediates neutrophil migration into the airways in response to influenza virus-induced toll-like receptor signaling.

The early inflammatory response to influenza virus infection contributes to severe lung disease and continues to pose a serious threat to human health. The mechanisms by which neutrophils gain entry to the respiratory tract and their role during pathogenesis remain unclear. Here, we report that neutrophils significantly contributed to morbidity in a pathological mouse model of influenza virus infection.