Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Thyroid Cancer.

Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) plays an important role in the management of thyroid malignancies. Incidentally found FDG avid nodule needs further workup to rule out its malignant potential. 18F-FDG PET/CT has a proven role in detecting recurrent disease or the metastatic workup of the thyroglobulin elevated negative radioiodine scan (TENIS) scenario.

BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations in paediatric and young adult papillary thyroid cancer and clinicopathological correlation.

Objectives The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of BRAF V600E and TERTpromoter mutations in paediatric and young adult patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and the secondary objective, to assess their association with clinicopathological features. Methods Patients ≤20 years who underwent surgery for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) from 2005 to 2018 were consecutively enrolled for BRAF V600E and TERTpromoter mutations analysis and records analysed for the association of aggressive features. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the independent predictors of BRAF V600E mutations.

Spectrum of 18F-FDG Uptake in Bilateral Lung Parenchymal Diseases on PET/CT.

Bilateral lung parenchymal involvement is seen in infective as well as noninfective conditions, appearing as focal or diffuse lung disease. PET/CT with FDG helps in characterization (increased glucose utilization is seen by both inflammatory and neoplastic cells). In this article, we describe the spectrum of patterns of FDG uptake and associated CT changes involving bilateral lung parenchyma.

Diagnostic Role of Fluorodeoxyglucose PET in Breast Cancer: A History to Current Application.

Histologic subtype, receptor status, and other biologic factors greatly affect the avidity of breast malignancy on fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET. FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) has demonstrated excellent value in the evaluation of extra-axillary nodal and distant metastases. Patients with early-stage breast cancers do not benefit from FDG PET/CT; however, unsuspected distant metastases may be revealed by systemic staging of locally advanced breast cancers by FDG PET/CT, and this has substantial impact on patient management.

Unilateral Brown Fat Suppression on FDG PET/CT-detecting Sympathetic Denervation.

We present here a case of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) who initially presented with involvement of the right 3 rib and underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, rib excision, and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and later underwent posterolateral thoracotomy, pleural nodule excision, and the right 11 rib metastatic lesion excision. Follow-up F-FDG PET/CT/computed tomography revealed unilateral brown fat suppression in the form of decreased metabolic uptake in the ipsilateral cervical, axillary, and paravertebral brown fat as compared to metabolically active contralateral brown fat, likely due to paravertebral sympathetic chain damage.

68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT in Medulloblastoma.

Medulloblastoma, also known as cerebellar primitive neuroectodermal tumor, is the most common brain tumor in children and arises in the posterior cranial fossa. We present the case of a patient with desmoplastic type of medulloblastoma, which showed recurrence more than once. When Ga-DOTANOC PET-CT was done, the lesions showed somatostatin receptor expression, opening another potential therapeutic option for this patient.

Impedimetric genosensor for detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV1) DNA using viral probe on methylene blue doped silica nanoparticles.

An impedimetric genosensor was fabricated for detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 in serum, based on hybridization of the probe with complementary target cDNA from sample. To achieve it, probe DNA complementary to HCVgene was immobilized on the surface of methylene blue (MB) doped silica nanoparticles MB@SiNPs) modified fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode. The synthesized MB@SiNPs was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern.

Point of care with micro fluidic paper based device integrated with nano zeolite-graphene oxide nanoflakes for electrochemical sensing of ketamine.

The present study was aimed to develop an ultrasensitive technique for electroanalysis of ketamine; a date rape drug. It involved the fabrication of nano-hybrid based electrochemical micro fluidic paper-based analytical device (EμPADs) for electrochemical sensing of ketamine. A paper chip was developed using zeolites nanoflakes and graphene-oxide nanocrystals (Zeo-GO).

Patterns of brown fat uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan.

Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has become the common imaging modality in oncological practice. FDG uptake is seen in brown adipose tissue in a significant number of patients. Recognizing the uptake patterns is important for optimal FDG PET interpretation.

Role of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in diagnostic evaluation of carcinoma urinary bladder: comparison with computed tomography.

Bladder carcinoma is the most frequent tumor of the urinary tract and accounts 7% of all malignancies in men and 2% of all malignancies in women. This retrospective study was carried out to assess the diagnostic utility of F18-fludeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the imaging evaluation of bladder carcinoma. Seventy-seven consecutive patients diagnosed to have carcinoma urinary bladder referred for F18-FDG PET/CT were included in this study.

Comparison of 18F fluoride PET/CT and 99mTc-MDP bone scan in the detection of skeletal metastases in urinary bladder carcinoma.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare (18)F-fluoride PET/CT and (99m)Tc-MDP bone scintigraphy in the detection of skeletal metastases in urinary bladder carcinoma.

Patients And Methods: In this prospective study, 48 patients with urinary bladder carcinoma (44 male and 4 female patients, aged 35-80 years) underwent (99m)Tc-MDP planar and SPECT/CT bone scan (BS) followed by (18)F-fluoride PET/CT within 48 hours. Skeletal metastasis diagnosed on each of these techniques was compared against a final diagnosis based on contrast-enhanced CT, MRI, skeletal survey, clinical follow-up, and histological correlation.

Radioiodine treatment in McCune-Albright syndrome with hyperthyroidism.

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a sporadic disease characterized by polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, "café-au-lait" spots and hyperfunctional endocrinopathies. Pathophysiological basis is activating mutation of the gene that encodes the alpha subunit of Gs membrane protein that stimulates the intracellular production of cAMP, conferring autonomous secretion of the gland in particular. One of the uncommon endocrine manifestations is hyperthyroidism.

Spectrum of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography findings in patients with parathyroid adenomas.

Primary hyperparathyroidism results from excessive parathyroid hormone secretion. Approximately 85% of all cases of primary hyperparathyroidism are caused by a single parathyroid adenoma; 10-15% of the cases are caused by parathyroid hyperplasia. Parathyroid carcinoma accounts for approximately 3-4% of cases of primary disease.

Urinary bladder carcinoma associated with Paget's disease of skull: Imaging findings on Tc99m-MDP bone scintigraphy, F18-Fluoride PET/CT and F18-FDG PET/CT.

We report the imaging findings of a patient with Paget's disease in metastatic carcinoma bladder evaluated by Tc99m-Methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigraphy, F18-Fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and F18-fluorodeoxy glucose (FDG) PET/CT. Tc99m-MDP bone scan showed intense uptake in the skull bones without any other abnormal tracer distribution. F18-Fluoride PET/CT revealed intense uptake in the pelvic bones along with skull bones, but F18-FDG PET/CT showed intense multifocal FDG uptake in the bladder and bilateral inguinal lymph nodes, with no abnormal uptake in the skull bones.

Single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography of the skull in malignant otitis externa.

Malignant otitis externa is a severe, rare infective condition of the external auditory canal and skull base. The diagnosis is generally made from a range of clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings. Technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy is known to detect osteomyelitis earlier than computed tomography.

Tc99m-MDP uptake in ascitic fluid in a patient with prostate carcinoma: A clue to detect metastases.

Bone scintigraphy with Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) is used to detect metastases in patients with cancer. Uptake in non-osseous, non-urologic tissues is occasionally found in the routine bone scintigraphy, which may mimic as metastatic lesions. The authors describe the case of a 70-year-old man with prostate cancer, showing diffuse tracer uptake in the left hemithorax and entire abdomen on bone scan that required additional imaging modality for localization.

Role of Tc99m sulfur colloid scintigraphy in differentiating non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis from cirrhosis liver.

Background: Two most important causes of portal hypertension are cirrhosis of liver and non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF). The purpose of this study was to assess the scintigraphic appearances of Tc99m sulfur colloid liver scan in differentiating liver cirrhosis from NCPF.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis records of 146 patients (91 male and 55 female) with diffuse hepatocellular disease was done for liver size, liver uptake, spleen size, spleen uptake, colloid shift to bone marrow and lungs.

Multiple Skeletal Muscle Metastases in a Case of Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Bladder Detected by F-18 FDG PET/CT.

We present a case of poorly differentiated muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma in a 64-year-old male diagnosed with FDG-avid mass in the urinary bladder wall and multiple skeletal muscles visualised on F-18 FDG PET/CT.