Do financial development, financial stability and renewable energy disturb carbon emissions? Evidence from asia-pacific economic cooperation economics.

The present paper investigates the influence of renewable energy consumption (REC), economic growth (GDP), financial development index (FDI), z-score (ZS) and control of corruption (CC) on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, for eighteen different APEC economies over the period 2000-2019 using the Pooled Mean Group-Autoregressive Distributed Lags (PMG-ARDL) approach and Granger causality tests. The outcomes of the empirical study confirm that the variables are cointegration using Pedroni tests. The long-run estimates revealed that economic growth and renewable energy contribute to the huge of carbon emissions, while financial development, ZS and CC lead to decrease carbon emissions.

Mitigating the economic burden of GnRH agonist therapy for progestogen-resistant endometriosis: why not?

Study Question: Is it possible to reduce the cost of GnRH agonist treatment for endometriosis by using non-standard dosing regimens?

Summary Answer: An extended-interval dosing regimen of a 3.75 mg depot formulation of triptorelin injected every 6 weeks instead of every 4 weeks reduces the cost by one-third without compromising the effect on pain relief.

What Is Known Already: Cost constitutes a limit to prolonged GnRH agonists use.

Is There a Correlation between the Second-to-Four Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Endometriosis? Results of a Case-Control Study.

The second-to-four digit ratio (2D:4D) has been proposed as a marker of prenatal hormonal exposure. It is suggested that prenatal exposure to androgens results in a shorter 2D:4D ratio, whereas a prenatal oestrogenic environment results in a longer one. In addition, previous research has shown an association between exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and 2D:4D in animals and humans.

Clinical Features and Management of Umbilical Endometriosis: A 30 Years' Monocentric Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Umbilical endometriosis (UE) is defined as the presence of endometrial-like tissue within the umbilicus and represents around 0.5-1% of all cases of endometriosis. UE is classified into primary or secondary UE.

Novel pharmacological therapies for the treatment of endometriosis.

Introduction: Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent, inflammatory disease associated with pelvic pain, infertility, impaired sexual function, and psychological suffering. Therefore, tailored patient management appears of primary importance to address specific issues and identify the appropriate treatment for each woman. Over the years, abundant research has been carried out with the objective to find new therapeutic approaches for this multifaceted disease.

Anogenital Distance and Endometriosis: Results of a Case-Control Study.

AGD is the distance measured from the anus to the genital tubercle. Recent evidence suggests that a shorter AGD, a sensitive biomarker of the prenatal hormonal environment, could be associated with higher endometriosis risk. However, studies investigating AGD in affected women are scanty.

Umbilical Endometriosis: A Systematic Literature Review and Pathogenic Theory Proposal.

Umbilical endometriosis represents 30-40% of abdominal wall endometriosis and around 0.5-1.0% of all cases of endometriosis.

Sexual violence in adult women and adolescents.

Sexual violence is a widespread phenomenon, as it has been estimated that about 35.6% of women have experienced some forms of sexual abuse, with variable prevalence estimates worldwide. Sexual violence has remarkable negative consequences on women's health and quality of life, with a specific harmful impact on women's psychological well-being and sexuality.

The influence of hormonal contraception on depression and female sexuality: a narrative review of the literature.

Objective: Over the past decades, an increasing number of women have been using hormonal contraception. The potential role of sex hormones in regulating vegetative, psychophysiological, and cognitive functions has been highlighted in several studies, and there is a need to further understand the impact of hormonal contraception on women's quality of life, especially as regards psychological health and sexuality.

Methods: We conducted a narrative review aimed at clarifying the mechanisms involved in the interaction between sex hormones and the brain, also focusing on the association between hormonal contraception and mood and sexual function.

The Subjective Experience of Dyspareunia in Women with Endometriosis: A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis of Qualitative Research.

Although dyspareunia (pain during intercourse) is common in women with endometriosis, there is poor qualitative evidence describing women's subjective experience of this symptom. This systematic review of qualitative research aimed to provide an in-depth exploration of women's lived experience of dyspareunia (i.e.

Sleep disturbances, fatigue and psychological health in women with endometriosis: a matched pair case-control study.

Research Question: What are the associations between endometriosis, pelvic pain symptoms, fatigue and sleep? Psychological health and quality of life in endometriosis patients with good versus bad quality of sleep were also examined.

Design: This matched pair case-control study included 123 consecutive endometriosis patients and 123 women without a history of endometriosis (matched to patients for age and body mass index). Endometriosis-related pelvic pain severity was rated on a 0-10 numerical rating scale.

Adenomyosis: Impact on Fertility and Obstetric Outcomes.

In this commentary, we discuss the associations between adenomyosis, fertility, and obstetric outcomes. A recent meta-analysis on the impact of adenomyosis on reproductive outcomes found a 43% reduction in the odds ratio (OR) for clinical pregnancy and a threefold increase in the risk of miscarriage in women with adenomyosis compared with controls. Moreover, adenomyosis seems to be strongly associated with pre-eclampsia with an OR of almost 8.

Carbon dioxide (CO) laser ablation of symptomatic vaginal endometriosis: a pilot study.

Deep dyspareunia affects almost half of the women with endometriosis and is associated with vaginal endometriotic lesions. Our pilot study's objective is to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of CO-laser ablation under colposcopic guidance for the treatment of symptomatic vaginal endometriosis. A non-comparative pilot study has been performed.

Advances in the medical management of bowel endometriosis.

Endometriosis infiltrating the bowel can be treated medically in accurately selected women not seeking conception and without overt obstructive symptomatology. When the rectosigmoid junction is involved, the probabilities of intestinal symptoms relief, undergoing surgery after treatment failure, and developing bowel obstruction during hormonal treatment are around 70%, 10%, and 1-2%, respectively. When the lesion infiltrates exclusively the mid-rectum, thus in cases of true rectovaginal endometriosis, the probabilities of intestinal symptoms relief and undergoing surgery are about 80% and 3%, respectively.

A woman's worth: The psychological impact of beliefs about motherhood, female identity, and infertility on childless women with endometriosis.

In this study, we examined whether beliefs regarding motherhood, female identity, and infertility affected the psychological health of 127 childless endometriosis patients. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, while self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. A set of six Likert-type items (1 = "Not at all"; 5 = "To a very great extent") was developed to explore women's beliefs.

The risk of malignancy in uterine polyps: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Endometrial polyps are a common condition. The risk of malignancy has often led to an overtreatment with high health care costs and huge psychological distress.

Objective: We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis in order to estimate the prevalence of premalignant and malignant lesions in women undergoing hysteroscopic polypectomy.

Potential benefits of pregnancy on endometriosis symptoms.

Objective: To explore the potential benefits of pregnancy on endometriosis symptoms. This is a retrospective study that has been conducted at Academic department and referral center for endometriosis.

Study Design: We included all conservative women who had a live birth after at least one surgery for endometriosis and who reported pre-pregnancy moderate to severe pelvic pain symptoms (at least one among dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia, non menstrual pelvic pain and dyschezia).

The limited oncogenic potential of unilocular adnexal cysts: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The reported frequency of malignant diseases in unilocular cysts varies in different studies, giving conflicting results. To quantify the risk of malignancies among echoic and anechoic unilocular adnexal cysts, in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, we performed a PubMed/MEDLINE search of papers published in English evaluating the histopathological diagnoses of removed ovarian cysts diagnosed as simple unilocular cysts at pre-operative ultrasound examination. From 34 selected publications, we extracted data on ovarian malignancy in the total series, and separately for premenopausal and postmenopausal women, and women with cysts < 5 cm and  ≥5 cm in diameter.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D Serum Levels and Endometriosis: Results of a Case-Control Study.

The immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties of vitamin D have laid the basis for a possible function of this prohormone in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate vitamin D status, by measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] serum levels, in women with and without endometriosis. Only Italian women of Caucasian origin aged between 18 and 45 years were deemed eligible.

Medical treatment of endometriosis-related pain.

Available medical treatments for symptomatic endometriosis act by inhibiting ovulation, reducing serum oestradiol levels, and suppressing uterine blood flows. For this, several drugs can be used with a similar magnitude of effect, in terms of pain relief, independently of the mechanism of action. Conversely, safety, tolerability, and cost differ.

Medical treatment or surgery for colorectal endometriosis? Results of a shared decision-making approach.

Study Question: What is the degree of patient satisfaction in women with symptomatic colorectal endometriosis who choose medical or surgical treatment after a shared decision-making (SDM) process?

Summary Answer: The degree of satisfaction with treatment was high both in women who chose medical treatment with a low-dose oral contraceptive (OCP) or a progestin, and in those who chose to undergo surgical resection of bowel endometriosis.

What Is Known Already: Hormonal therapies and surgery for colorectal endometriosis have been investigated in non-comparative studies with inconsistent results.

Study Design, Size, Duration: Parallel cohort study conducted on 87 women referring to our centre with an indication to surgery for colorectal endometriosis.

"Free butterflies will come out of these deep wounds": A grounded theory of how endometriosis affects women's psychological health.

This study aimed to develop a grounded theory of how endometriosis affects psychological health. Open interviews were conducted with 74 patients. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was administered to all women, who were divided into distressed versus non-distressed.

Surgery versus hormonal therapy for deep endometriosis: is it a choice of the physician?

Deep endometriosis, occurring approximately in 1% of women of reproductive age, represents the most severe form of endometriosis. It causes severe pain in the vast majority of affected women and it can affect the bowel and the urinary tract. Hormonal treatment of deep endometriosis with progestins, such as norethindrone acetate or dienogest, or estroprogestins is effective in relieving pain in more than 90% of women at one year follow up.

Norethindrone acetate or dienogest for the treatment of symptomatic endometriosis: a before and after study.

Objective: To assess the proportion of patients satisfied with their treatment before and after a systematic change from norethindrone acetate to dienogest as the first-line progestin for symptomatic endometriosis.

Design: Before and after study.

Setting: Academic department.

"You can't always get what you want": from doctrine to practicability of study designs for clinical investigation in endometriosis.

Background: Patients, now generally well informed through dedicated websites and support organizations, are beginning to look askance at clinical experimentation. We conducted a survey investigation to verify whether women with endometriosis would still accept to participate in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on treatment for pelvic pain.

Methods: A total of 500 patients consecutively self-referring to an academic outpatient endometriosis clinic, were asked to compile two questionnaires focused on hypothetical comparisons between a new drug and a standard drug, and between medical and surgical treatment, for endometriosis-associated pelvic pain.