Percutaneous femoral access: Stuck guide wire, decannulation difficulty due to unravelling and knotting.

Percutaneous techniques for femoral arterial access are increasingly being performed due to advances in endovascular cerebral procedures, as they provide a less morbid and minimally invasive approach than open procedures. Common complications associated with this peripheral puncture include hematoma, bleeding, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, retroperitoneal bleeding, inadvertent venous puncture, dissection, etc. The retrograde femoral access is currently the most frequently used arterial access as it is technically straightforward, allows for the use of larger size sheaths and catheters, allows repeated attempts, etc.

Sellar colloid cyst: Peculiar radiological characteristics of a common lesion at an uncommon location.

Background: Colloid cysts, common benign lesions of the third ventricle, have rarely been reported in uncommon extraventricular locations such as the pituitary fossa. Even in the sellar region, it is usually seen between the anterior and posterior pituitary lobes (pars intermedia).

Case Description: Here, we report a case of a female patient, who was incidentally diagnosed with a sellar colloid cyst, while being evaluated for nonspecific holocranial headache.

Adult transsphenoidal meningoencephalocele: Clinical image.

Background: Encephalocele is herniation of cranial contents through a skull defect, classified according to their contents and location, and is usually seen in pediatric age group. The transsphenoidal type represents <5% of all basal meningoencephaloceles. Of them, the presentation in adulthood is even rarer.

Gender Differences in Perceived Stress among Neurosurgeons: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Surgeons are subjected to enhanced levels of work-related stress and women are likely to face unique challenges due to sub-optimal representation. The present study was conceived with a primary objective to study the gender differences faced by surgeons and neurosurgeons in particular. The secondary objective was to assess the correlation between the various stress inducers and busters of normal working and daily life and the mental state of neurosurgeons.

Turning Waste into Beneficial Resource: Implication of Ageratum conyzoides L. in Sustainable Agriculture, Environment and Biopharma Sectors.

The annual herb, Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae), is distributed throughout the world. Although invasive, it can be very useful as a source of essential oils, pharmaceuticals, biopesticides, and bioenergy.

Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy with acute monocular vision loss following clipping of anterior communicating artery aneurysm. A case report and review of literature.

Background: The acute postoperative monocular vision loss following anterior communicating artery aneurysm clipping secondary to posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) a rare presentation.

Case Description: A 32-year old patient presented with a spontaneous holocranial thunderclap headache for 7 days, associated with vomiting. The SAH was diagnosed with a tiny saccular aneurysm arising from the anterior communicating artery.

A glance at the chemodiversity of species: Trends, implications, and strategies for the quality and yield improvement of essential oil.

Unlabelled: species represent commercially important medicinal and aromatic plants. The essential oil biosynthesized by species is enriched with specialized metabolites specifically, terpenoids and phenylpropanoids. Interestingly, various species are known to exhibit diverse chemical profiles, and this chemical diversity has been at the center of many studies to identify commercially important chemotypes.

Influence of domestication on specialized metabolic pathways in fruit crops.

During the process of plant domestication, the selection and traditional breeding for desired characters such as flavor, juiciness and nutritional value of fruits, probably have resulted in gain or loss of specialized metabolites contributing to these traits. Their appearance in fruits is likely due to the acquisition of novel and specialized metabolic pathways and their regulation, driven by systematic molecular evolutionary events facilitated by traditional breeding. Plants change their armory of specialized metabolism to adapt and survive in diverse ecosystems.

Differential Modulation in Metabolites Revealed with the Improvement in the Shelf-Life of Alphonso Fruits.

Globally farmers have difficulty in extending the shelf-life of the tropical fruits due to their perishable nature. The present study aimed to assess the effect of hexanal nano-formulation treatment (NFT) on the shelf-life of Alphonso mango. Further, volatilomics was performed to explore the molecular basis of such effect.

High-throughput metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses vet the potential route of cerpegin biosynthesis in two varieties of Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb.

Exploration with high-throughput transcriptomics and metabolomics of two varieties of Ceropegia bulbosa identifies candidate genes, crucial metabolites and a potential cerpegin biosynthetic pathway. Ceropegia bulbosa is an important medicinal plant, used in the treatment of various ailments including diarrhea, dysentery, and syphilis. This is primarily attributed to the presence of pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites, especially cerpegin.

Flower bud proteome reveals modulation of sex-biased proteins potentially associated with sex expression and modification in dioecious Coccinia grandis.

Background: Dioecy is an important sexual system wherein, male and female flowers are borne on separate unisexual plants. Knowledge of sex-related differences can enhance our understanding in molecular and developmental processes leading to unisexual flower development. Coccinia grandis is a dioecious species belonging to Cucurbitaceae, a family well-known for diverse sexual forms.

Terpene profiling, transcriptome analysis and characterization of -β-terpineol synthase from .

species produces a varied mix of different metabolites that imparts immense medicinal properties. To explore this chemo-diversity, we initially carried out metabolite profiling of different tissues of five species and identified the major terpenes. This analysis broadly classified these five species into two distinct chemotypes namely, phenylpropanoid-rich and terpene-rich.

WRKY1 acts as a key component improving resistance against Alternaria solani in wild tomato, Solanum arcanum Peralta.

Early blight (EB), caused by Alternaria solani, is a major threat to global tomato production. In comparison with cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a wild relative, S. arcanum exhibits strong resistance against EB.

Dynamic metabolic reprogramming of steroidal glycol-alkaloid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis may impart early blight resistance in wild tomato (Solanum arcanum Peralta).

Exploration with high throughput leaf metabolomics along with functional genomics in wild tomato unreveal potential role of steroidal glyco-alkaloids and phenylpropanoids during early blight resistance. Alternaria solani severely affects tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yield causing early blight (EB) disease in tropical environment.

Comparative functional characterization of eugenol synthase from four different Ocimum species: Implications on eugenol accumulation.

Isoprenoids and phenylpropanoids are the major secondary metabolite constituents in Ocimum genus. Though enzymes from phenylpropanoid pathway have been characterized from few plants, limited information exists on how they modulate levels of secondary metabolites. Here, we performed phenylpropanoid profiling in different tissues from five Ocimum species, which revealed significant variations in secondary metabolites including eugenol, eugenol methyl ether, estragole and methyl cinnamate levels.

Characterization of Roseomonas and Nocardioides spp. for arsenic transformation.

The metalloid arsenic predominantly exists in the arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)]. These two forms are respectively oxidized and reduced by microbial redox processes. This study was designed to bioprospect arsenic tolerating bacteria from Lonar lake and to characterize their arsenic redoxing ability.

Fusarium oxysporum mediates systems metabolic reprogramming of chickpea roots as revealed by a combination of proteomics and metabolomics.

Molecular changes elicited by plants in response to fungal attack and how this affects plant-pathogen interaction, including susceptibility or resistance, remain elusive. We studied the dynamics in root metabolism during compatible and incompatible interactions between chickpea and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.

Two New Potential Barcodes to Discriminate Dalbergia Species.

DNA barcoding enables precise identification of species from analysis of unique DNA sequence of a target gene. The present study was undertaken to develop barcodes for different species of the genus Dalbergia, an economically important timber plant and is widely distributed in the tropics. Ten Dalbergia species selected from the Western Ghats of India were evaluated using three regions in the plastid genome (matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA), a nuclear transcribed spacer (nrITS) and their combinations, in order to discriminate them at species level.

Agriproteomics of Bread Wheat: Comparative Proteomics and Network Analyses of Grain Size Variation.

Agriproteomics signifies the merging of agriculture research and proteomics systems science and is impacting plant research and societal development. Wheat is a frequently consumed foodstuff, has highly variable grain size that in effect contributes to wheat grain yield and the end-product quality. Very limited information is available on molecular basis of grain size due to complex multifactorial nature of this trait.

Metabolic profiling of chickpea-Fusarium interaction identifies differential modulation of disease resistance pathways.

Chickpea is the third most widely grown legume in the world and mainly used as a vegetarian source of human dietary protein. Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.

Molecular insights into resistance mechanisms of lepidopteran insect pests against toxicants.

Insect pests remain a major reason for crop loss worldwide despite extensive use of chemical insecticides. More than 50% of all insecticides are organophosphates, followed by synthetic pyrethroids, organochlorines, carbamates, and biopesticides, and their continued use may have many environmental, agricultural, medical, and socioeconomic issues. Importantly, only a countable number of insects have acquired the status of crop pests, mostly due to monoculture of crop plants and polyphagous nature of the insects.

Structural characterization of a flavonoid glycosyltransferase from Withania somnifera.

Unlabelled: Medicinal plants are extensively utilized in traditional and herbal medicines, both in India and around the world due to the presence of diverse low molecular weight natural products such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and sterols. Flavonoids which have health benefits for humans are the large class of phenylpropanoid-derived secondary metabolites and are mostly glycosylated by UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Although large numbers of different UGTs are known from higher plants, very few protein structures have been reported till now.

Evolutionary analysis of WD40 super family proteins involved in spindle checkpoint and RNA export: molecular evolution of spindle checkpoint.

The spindle checkpoint delays sister chromatid separation until all chromosomes have undergone bipolar spindle attachment. Previous studies have revealed BUB3, as an essential spindle checkpoint protein and its extensive sequence similarity with Rae1 (Gle2), a highly conserved member of WD40 repeat protein family throughout their length which was first shown to be involved in mRNA export. However, the recent discovery of Rae1 as an essential mitotic checkpoint protein, based on the studies from mouse and drosophila, has renewed the interest in its function during cell division.