Frequency Rhythmic Electrical Modulation System (FREMS) to alleviate painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A pilot, randomised controlled trial (The FREMSTOP study).

Background: Frequency Rhythmic Electrical Modulated System (FREMS) is a non-invasive treatment for chronic pain conditions, but its place in the treatment algorithm for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) is unknown.

Methods: A pilot, open-label, randomised controlled trial in individuals with PDPN inadequately controlled on at least dual neuropathic pain treatments recruited from primary and secondary care. Participants were randomised 1:1 to FREMS + usual care (n = 13) versus usual care (n = 12).

Prescription pattern, short-term outcomes, and its determinants in patients with chronic kidney disease attending a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem associated with an eight- to ten-fold increase in cardiovascular mortality. Among patients with CKD, on drug treatment, we aimed to determine the characteristics, etiology, patterns and rates of drug use, and outcomes and factors determining the outcomes at 6 months.

Methods: We conducted an observational follow-up study on inpatients with CKD at a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India.