Gut Microbiota and Response to Immunotherapeutic Drugs in Oncology: More Questions Than Answers.

Immuno-oncology drugs (IODs) have revolutionized the treatment of some cancers. Although IODs are enabling some patients with cancer to become long-time survivors, only 30% to 40% respond to these drugs. There is experimental and clinical evidence that the gut microbiome may play a role in IOD response, leading to speculation that manipulation of the gut microenvironment might improve the response rate to IODs.

Bioequivalence Study of Rivastigmine 6 mg Capsules (Single Dose) in Healthy Volunteers.

Objective: To assess the bioequivalence of generic formulation of rivastigmine (test) and Exelon (reference).

Methods: This randomized, open-label, 2-period, single-dose, 2-treatment, 2-sequence, crossover study was conducted in 40 healthy men under fed condition. Participants were randomized to receive a single dose of Exelon or rivastigmine capsule.

Bioequivalence study of cyclizine hydrochloride 50 mg tablets in healthy volunteers: a randomized, open-label, single-dose study.

Background: Cyclizine is used in the treatment and prevention of nausea and vomiting. We aimed to demonstrate bioequivalence between two formulations of cyclizine 50 mg tablets.

Methods/results: This single-dose, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, open-label, randomized crossover study was conducted on 32 healthy male volunteers.

Pharmacokinetics of fixed-dose combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine, and efavirenz: results of a randomized, crossover, bioequivalence study.

The objective of this study was to assess the bioequivalence between a fixed-dose combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine/efavirenz 300/300/600 mg and the individual innovator products. A randomized, balanced, open-label, two-sequence, two-treatment, two-period, single dose, crossover study in 48 healthy adults was conducted. Dosing was separated by a washout period of 32 days.

The study of c-Src kinase and pStat3 protein expression in retinoblastoma.

We examine the immunoreactivity of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Src kinase and its downstream molecule, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pStat3) in retinoblastoma (RB), and correlation with invasiveness and differentiation. Tumor samples from 40 patients with RB were available for the study. There were 18 tumors in group 1 (non-invasive) and 22 tumors in group 2 (invasive).

Human leukocyte class I antigen and beta2-microglobulin expression in conjunctival dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Malignant transformation of cells is frequently associated with abnormalities in HLA expression. These abnormalities may play a significant role in the clinical course of the disease because the cellular immune response to tumors relies on concomitant recognition of tumor antigens with self-HLA molecules. Since HLA molecules mediate interactions of tumor cells with specific receptors on T and natural killer (NK) cells, tight control of expression of HLA molecules is critical for initiation and implementation of an effective cellular immune response.

HLA expression in choroidal melanomas: correlation with clinicopathological features.

Purpose: In this retrospective study, we analyzed the relevance of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression to clinical behavior of uveal melanoma and correlated it with conventional light microscopic parameters.

Methods: HLA class I antigen and Beta 2 microglobulin expression were analyzed in 45 primary choroidal melanoma lesions by immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibodies to HLA class I antigen and beta 2 microglobulin and correlated with the known clinicopathological parameters. Immunoanalysis was done by a semi quantitative method.

Major histocompatibility antigens and antigen-processing molecules in retinoblastoma.

Background: Malignant transformation of cells is frequently associated with abnormalities in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression. These abnormalities may play a role in the clinical course of the disease, because HLAs mediate interactions of tumor cells with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in childhood and is characterized by direct spread to the optic nerve and orbit as well as hematogeneous and lymphatic spread.

Loss of antigen-processing molecules in primary orbital melanoma.

Objective: To study the antigen-processing molecules in primary orbital melanomas and correlate them with the clinicopathological features.

Methods And Materials: Antigen-processing molecules comprising the low molecular weight proteins LMP2 and LMP10, transporter associated with antigen-processing TAP1, the binding protein tapasin and the chaperone protein calnexin were analyzed by immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibodies in three primary orbital melanomas. The results were correlated clinicopathologically.

Expression of HLA class I, beta(2)-microglobulin and HLA class II antigens in primary orbital melanoma.

Major histocompatibility antigens (MHC) play a crucial role in the recognition of tumor cells by the immune system. There is not much information on the role of MHC molecule expression in primary orbital melanomas. In the present study, the authors examined the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)-m) and HLA class II antigens in primary orbital melanoma and correlated this with the clinical and pathological findings.

Chromosomal rearrangement in Down syndrome with acute myeloid leukemia.

The incidence of acute leukemia in children with Down syndrome (DS) is high as compared to general population. Recent findings have demonstrated that DS children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have the highest event free survival rates with high dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). We present 3 year-old DS female child with AML-M5, whose chromosomal analysis revealed constitutional t(21;21) alongwith del(5)(q31q33) and a unique translocation t(16;20)(q13;q12).

HLA class II antigen expression in conjunctival precancerous lesions and squamous cell carcinomas.

Purpose: The expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules on the cell surface is necessary for the presentation of peptide antigens to helper CD4 T lymphocytes of the immune system. We studied the immunoexpression of HLA class II antigen in conjunctival precursor lesions and conjunctival squamous cell carcinomas.

Methods: HLA class II antigen expression was analyzed in 8 conjunctival dysplasias, 6 carcinomas in situ and in 7 conjunctival squamous cell carcinomas, by immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibody to HLA class II antigen on the archival clinical samples.

Major histocompatibility antigens and antigen-processing molecules in uveal melanoma.

Purpose: Malignant transformation of cells is frequently associated with abnormalities in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression. These abnormalities may play a role in the clinical course of the disease, because HLA antigens mediate interactions of tumor cells with T cells and natural killer cells. Uveal melanoma is a highly malignant tumor of the eye and is characterized by hematogenic spread to liver.

HLA class II antigen expression in uveal melanoma: correlation with clinicopathological features.

The authors examined the immunoexpression of human leukocyte (HLA) class II antigen in uveal melanomas and correlated with the cell types, largest tumour dimension and extrascleral invasion. HLA class II antigen expression was analysed in 45 primary uveal melanoma lesions by immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibody. Immunoanalysis was done by a semi-quantitative method according to the International Histocompatibility Working Group, Project description.