Exploiting Photohalide Generation in Shape and Multichromatic Color Patterning of Polymer-Perovskite Nanocomposites.

The ability to arrange brightly fluorescent nanoscale materials into well-defined patterns is critically important in advanced optoelectronic structures. Traditional methods for doing so generally involve depositing different color quantum dot "inks," irradiating reactive (e.g.

Visible Light Photolysis at Single Atom Sites in Semiconductor Perovskite Oxides.

Designing catalysts with well-defined active sites with chemical functionality responsive to visible light has significant potential for overcoming scaling relations limiting chemical reactions over heterogeneous catalyst surfaces. Visible light can be leveraged to facilitate the removal of strongly bound species from well-defined single cationic sites (Rh) under mild conditions (323 K) when they are incorporated within a photoactive perovskite oxide (Rh-doped SrTiO). CO, a key intermediate in many chemistries, forms stable geminal dicarbonyl Rh complexes (Rh(CO)), that could act as site blockers or poisons during a catalytic cycle.

A Low-Cost, Low-Tech Virtual Mass Casualty Training Simulation for Undergraduate Medical Education.

Background:  Mass casualty incident (MCI) training effectively increases trainees' knowledge and confidence when implemented in a live, in-person setting. In-person MCI training is resource-intensive, but virtual MCI training models are an alternative with similar effectiveness at a lesser cost. However, most of these validated virtual options are based on high-tech virtual reality (VR) programs.

Deconvoluting XPS Spectra of La-Containing Perovskites from First-Principles.

Perovskite-based oxides are used in electrochemical CO and HO reduction in electrochemical cells due to their compositional versatility, redox properties, and stability. However, limited knowledge exists on the mechanisms driving these processes. Toward this understanding, herein we probe the core level binding energy shifts of water-derived adspecies (H, O, OH, HO) as well as the adsorption of CO on LaCoO and LaNiO and correlate the simulated peaks with experimental temperature-programmed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TPXPS) results.

Electrocatalysis in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers.

Interest in energy-to-X and X-to-energy (where X represents green hydrogen, carbon-based fuels, or ammonia) technologies has expanded the field of electrochemical conversion and storage. Solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOCs) are among the most promising technologies for these processes. Their unmatched conversion efficiencies result from favorable thermodynamics and kinetics at elevated operating temperatures (400-900 °C).

Holistic Review of Applicants by the United States Postgraduate Training Programs Is Not Associated With the Percentage of Female Residents.

Introduction Given the underrepresentation of female physicians in most specialties and the aim of holistic review in residency applications to improve the diversity of matriculating resident physicians in the United States (US) postgraduate medical training programs, we examined the association between holistic review and female resident representation among US postgraduate training programs. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of US postgraduate training programs to inquire about their use of holistic review for resident applications (independent variable). The primary outcome was the percentage of female residents in each program, which was obtained along with other program-level characteristics from the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database Access (FREIDA) catalog in April 2023.

Dynamic multilayer growth: Parallel vs. sequential approaches.

The decision of when to add a new hidden unit or layer is a fundamental challenge for constructive algorithms. It becomes even more complex in the context of multiple hidden layers. Growing both network width and depth offers a robust framework for leveraging the ability to capture more information from the data and model more complex representations.

Payment Innovation in Emergency Care: A Case for Global Clinician Budgets.

The fee-for-service funding model for US emergency department (ED) clinician groups is increasingly fragile. Traditional fee-for-service payment systems offer no financial incentives to improve quality, address population health, or make value-based clinical decisions. Fee-for-service also does not support maintaining ED capacity to handle peak demand periods.

Defining Incidental Versus Non-incidental COVID-19 Hospitalizations.

Background Rates of COVID-19 hospitalization are an important measure of the health system burden of severe COVID-19 disease and have been closely followed throughout the pandemic. The highly transmittable, but often less severe, Omicron COVID-19 variant has led to an increase in hospitalizations with incidental COVID-19 diagnoses where COVID-19 is not the primary reason for admission. There is a strong public health need for a measure that is implementable at low cost with standard electronic health record (EHR) datasets that can separate these incidental hospitalizations from non-incidental hospitalizations where COVID-19 is the primary cause or an important contributor.

Emergency Medicine Postgraduate Year, Laryngoscopic View, and Endotracheal Tube Placement Success.

Study Objective: Prior work has found first-attempt success improves with emergency medicine (EM) postgraduate year (PGY). However, the association between PGY and laryngoscopic view - a key step in successful intubation - is unknown. We examined the relationship among PGY, laryngoscopic view (ie, Cormack-Lehane view), and first-attempt success.

DO seniors and IMGs have lower match probabilities than MD seniors after adjusting for specialty choice and USMLE Step 1 score.

Context: It is unknown if US residency applicants of different educational backgrounds (US allopathic [MD], Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine [DO], and international medical graduates [IMG]) but comparable academic performance have similar match success.

Objectives: Our objective was to compare match probabilities between applicant types after adjusting for specialty choice and United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 scores.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of published data in National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) reports from 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022 for US MD seniors, DO seniors, and IMGs (US citizens and non-US citizens).

Mitochondrial OPA1 Deficiency Is Associated to Reversible Defects in Spatial Memory Related to Adult Neurogenesis in Mice.

Mitochondria are integrative hubs central to cellular adaptive pathways. Such pathways are critical in highly differentiated postmitotic neurons, the plasticity of which sustains brain function. Consequently, defects in mitochondria and in their dynamics appear instrumental in neurodegenerative diseases and may also participate in cognitive impairments.

Minimum United States Medical Licensing Examination and Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination Scores Often Do Not Align.

Background Many residency programs do not accept the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX-USA) alone for osteopathic applicants. Furthermore, among those programs that do accept the COMLEX-USA, it is unknown how programs scale their minimum COMLEX-USA scores compared to their minimum United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores. Objective Our objective was to examine the variation of relative within-program differences between minimum USMLE Step and COMLEX-USA Level scores required for consideration by United States residency programs.

Emergency Department Volume, Severity, and Crowding Since the Onset of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Study Objective: We describe emergency department (ED) visit volume, illness severity, and crowding metrics from the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic through mid-2022.

Methods: We tabulated monthly data from 14 million ED visits on ED volumes and measures of illness severity and crowding from March 2020 through August 2022 compared with the same months in 2019 in 111 EDs staffed by a national ED practice group in 18 states.

Results: Average monthly ED volumes fell in the early pandemic, partially recovered in 2022, but remained below 2019 levels (915 per ED in 2019 to 826.

Hyperspectral Infrared Observations of Arctic Snow, Sea Ice, and Non-Frozen Ocean from the RV Polarstern during the MOSAiC Expedition October 2019 to September 2020.

This study highlights hyperspectral infrared observations from the Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (M-AERI) collected as part of the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF) deployment on the icebreaker RV Polarstern during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. The ARM M-AERI directly measures the infrared radiance emission spectrum between 520 cm and 3000 cm (19.2-3.

Pilot Study Examining Bed Angles and Heights During Ramped Position Intubation in the Emergency Department.

Introduction: Ramped positioning during emergent endotracheal intubation has been associated with fewer peri-intubation complications, including a decrease in difficult intubations, esophageal intubations, pulmonary aspiration, and hypoxemia. However, the optimal bed angle and height for ramped position intubation have not been determined. Our objective was to examine the effect bed angle and height in the ramped position may have on laryngeal views during emergent intubation in the emergency department (ED).

Four- and three-year emergency medicine residency graduates perform similarly in their first year of practice compared to experienced physicians.

Introduction: United States emergency medicine (EM) post-graduate training programs vary in training length, either 4 or 3 years. However, it is unknown if clinical care by graduates from the two curricula differs in the early post-residency period.

Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study comparing measures of clinical care and practice patterns between new graduates from 4- and 3-year EM programs with experienced new physician hires as a reference group.

Comparison of Rigid and Articulating Video Stylets During Simulated Endotracheal Intubation With Hyperangulated Video Laryngoscopy.

Background: Endotracheal tube delivery through the vocal cords can be challenging with hyperangulated video laryngoscopy due to the acute angle around the tongue and surrounding airway structures. Articulating video stylets may mitigate this issue by equipping an endotracheal tube stylet with an operator-controlled articulating end that has an additional camera at the tip.

Objectives: We compared operator-reported ease of intubation between the traditional rigid stylet (GlideRite Rigid Stylet, Verathon Inc.

Incidence of rescue surgical airways after attempted orotracheal intubation in the emergency department: A National Emergency Airway Registry (NEAR) Study.

Background: Cricothyrotomy is a critical technique for rescue of the failed airway in the emergency department (ED). Since the adoption of video laryngoscopy, the incidence of rescue surgical airways (those performed after at least one unsuccessful orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation attempt), and the circumstances where they are attempted, has not been characterized.

Objective: We report the incidence and indications for rescue surgical airways using a multicenter observational registry.

A Mark-Release-Recapture Study to Estimate Field Performance of Imported Radio-Sterilized Male in Albania.

The pathogen transmitting mosquito is spreading rapidly in Europe, putting millions of humans and animals at risk. This species is well-established in Albania since its first detection in 1979. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is increasingly gaining momentum worldwide as a component of area-wide-integrated pest management.