Immunocyte Derived Exosomes: Insight into the Potential Chemo-immunotherapeutic Nanocarrier Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment.

"Cancer" is a dreadful immune-pathological condition that is characterized by anti-inflammatory and tumorigenic responses, elicited by the infiltrating immune cells in the vicinity of an uncontrollably proliferative tumor in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME offers a conducive microenvironment that supports cancer cell survival by modulating the host immune defense. Recent advancement in exosomal research has shown exosomes, originating from immune cells as well as the cancer cells, have immense potential for suppressing cancer progression and survival in the TME.

Modification of histone by glyoxal: recognition of glycated histone containing advanced glycation adducts by serum antibodies of type 1 diabetes patients.

Dicarbonyl compounds react more rapidly, than glucose, with arginine and lysine in proteins to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and further produce free radicals which cause DNA damage. AGEs are reliable diagnostic biomarkers for most of the age-related diseases. In the present study histone was modified with glyoxal and it was characterized by various spectral techniques.

Greater efficacy of atorvastatin versus a non-statin lipid-lowering agent against renal injury: potential role as a histone deacetylase inhibitor.

Statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors have been shown to improve diabetic nephropathy. However, whether they provide protection via Histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibition is not clear. We conducted a comparative evaluation of Atorvastatin (AT) versus the non-statin cholesterol-lowering drug, Ezetimibe (EZT) on severity of diabetic nephropathy.

ATP4A gene regulatory network for fine-tuning of proton pump and ion channels.

The ATP4A encodes α subunit of H(+), K(+)-ATPase that contains catalytic sites of the enzyme forming pores through cell membrane which allows the ion transport. H(+), K(+)-ATPase is a membrane bound P-type ATPase enzyme which is found on the surface of parietal cells and uses the energy derived from each cycle of ATP hydrolysis that can help in exchanging ions (H(+), K(+) and Cl(-)) across the cell membrane secreting acid into the gastric lumen. The 3-D model of α-subunit of H(+), K(+)-ATPase was generated by homology modeling.

Analysis of the multicopper oxidase gene regulatory network of Aeromonas hydrophila.

Multicopper oxidase (MCO) is an enzyme which involves in reducing the oxygen in a four electron reduction to water with concomitant one electron oxidation of reducing the substrate. We have generated the 3-D structure of MCO by homology modeling and validated on the basis of free energy while 90.4 % amino acid residues present in allowed regions of Ramachandran plot.

Metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathway for production of renewable biofuels.

Metabolic engineering is an important area of research that involves editing genetic networks to overproduce a certain substance by the cells. Using a combination of genetic, metabolic, and modeling methods, useful substances have been synthesized in the past at industrial scale and in a cost-effective manner. Currently, metabolic engineering is being used to produce sufficient, economical, and eco-friendly biofuels.

Development of diagnostic and vaccine markers through cloning, expression, and regulation of putative virulence-protein-encoding genes of Aeromonas hydrophila.

Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that is associated with a number of diseases in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and humans. In fish it causes several disease symptoms including tail and skin rot, and haemorrhagic septicemia; in human it causes soft-tissue wound infection and diarrhoea. The pathogenesis of A.

Gene network analysis of Aeromonas hydrophila for novel drug target discovery.

Increasing the multi-drug resistance Aeromonas hydrophila creates a health problem regularly thus, an urgent needs to develop and screen potent antibiotics for controlling of the infections. There are many studies have focused on interactions between specific drugs, little is known about the system properties of a full drug interaction in gene network. Thus, an attractive approach for developing novel antibiotics against DNA gyrase, an enzyme essential for DNA replication, transcription, repair and recombination mechanisms which is important for bacterial growth and cell division.

Molecular detection and cloning of thermostable hemolysin gene from Aeromonas hydrophila.

Aeromonas hydrophila is a major bacterial pathogen associated with hemorrhagic septicemia in aquatic and terrestrial animals including humans. There is an urgent need to develop molecular and immunological assays for rapid, specific and sensitive diagnosis. A new set of primers has been designed for detection of thermostable hemolysin (TH) gene (645 bp) from A.

Codon optimization of the major antigen encoding genes of diverse strains of influenza a virus.

A large number of influenza A virus outbreaks and mortality occurred in the world recently, an urgent attention to develop effective and sufficient quantity of vaccines are needed. Vaccines are generally protein with immunogenic properties and are not expressed in sufficient quantity because of the codon bias, so it is necessary to optimize its codon in the expression host. Codon optimization was used to improve the protein expression in living organisms by increasing the translational efficiency of gene of interest.

Genotyping of Aeromonas hydrophila by box elements.

PCR-based DNA fingerprinting techniques were evaluated to genotype eight diseased, particularly normal and environmental isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila. PCR-based fingerprinting method has an advantage of having repetitive sequence also called Box elements that are interspersed throughout the genome in diverse bacterial species. The BOX-PCR fingerprinting technique was evaluated for the discrimination of different isolates of A.