Metal contamination in coastal and marine ecosystems has become a significant global concern due to its hazardous characteristics, environmental persistence, and ability to bioaccumulate in aquatic ecosystems. This poses a serious threat to the environment and the health of humans worldwide. To address these concerns, this study estimated the concentrations of metals in various trophic levels, including phytoplankton, zooplankton, bivalve, and fish.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer is a global issue and hence various efforts are being made. Iron oxide is considered a significant biochemical agent in the biomedical arena for cancer treatment. Marine macroalgae-mediated iron oxides especially, magnetite (FeO) nanoparticles (NPs) are a prospective alternative to diagnose and treat cancer owing to their fluorescent and magnetic properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe meiofaunal diversity is used as an indicator to assess the complex and diverse impacts on the coastal environment during the natural calamities. The present study evaluates the effects of Mandous cyclone on ecologically two different stations, Pattinampakkam beach and Adyar estuary, which are located on Chennai coast, Tamil Nadu, India. The impact of the Mandous cyclone on physico-chemical parameters and meiobenthic faunal composition was investigated during, prior to, and after the cyclone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Diagnosis of Uveitic Macular Edema (UME) using Spectral Domain OCT (SD-OCT) is a promising method for early detection and monitoring of sight-threatening visual impairment. Viewing multiple B-scans and identifying biomarkers is challenging and time-consuming for clinical practitioners. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes an image classification hybrid framework for predicting the presence of biomarkers such as intraretinal cysts (IRC), hyperreflective foci (HRF), hard exudates (HE) and neurosensory detachment (NSD) in OCT B-scans along with their severity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlastic disposal and their degraded products in the environment are global concern due to its adverse effects and persistence in nature. To overcome plastic pollution and its impacts on environment, a sustainable bioplastic production using renewable feedstock's, such as algae, are envisioned. In this review, the production of polymer precursors such as polylactic acid, polyhydroxybutyrates, polyhydroxyalkanoates, agar, carrageenan and alginate from microalgae and macroalgae through direct conversion and fermentation routes are summarized and discussed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA marine strain B. subtilis EB1, isolated from Equator water, showed excellent degradation towards a wide range of hydrocarbons. Degradation studies revealed dense growth with 93 % and 83 % removal of phenanthrene within 72 h at 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlastic pollution is one of the major global problems existing now-a-days and has become a cause of serious concern in coastal and marine ecosystems. Increased accumulation of plastics in the aquatic environment by anthropogenic sources results the alteration of the aquatic ecosystem and its functioning. Several variables have an impact on biodegradation, ranging from microbe species to polymer type, physicochemical qualities, and environmental circumstances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the marine environment, yet information regarding their occurrence in the food web is limited. We investigated the concentration and composition of MPs in water and diverse zooplankton groups from the Arabian Sea basin. Forty-one zooplankton tows were collected with a bongo net (330 μm mesh) from the Arabian Sea in January 2019.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the present study, the whole seaweed from Kappaphycus alvarezii (containing carrageenan) was used for preparation of bio-nanocomposite films by blending with metal oxide nanoparticles such as zinc oxide (ZnONPs), cupric oxide (CuONPs) and silicon dioxide (SiONPs) for multiple applications, and their properties were compared with standard refined κ-Carrageenan (commercial grade). Simultaneously, the antibacterial activity and biodegradation profile of the prepared bio-nanocomposite film were also studied. The incorporation of nanoparticles into the bioplastic film matrices altered the surface morphology, increased the roughness and significantly (p < 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe use of functional information of taxa is a promising approach to uncover the underlying mechanism of ecosystem functioning. We used biological trait analysis (BTA) to assess the functional response of subtidal macrobenthos with multiple stressors. Seventeen environmental variables from 42 stations of five coastal districts were assessed along the southeast coast of India.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe omnipresent accumulation and non-degradable nature of plastics in the environment are posing an ever-increasing ecological threat. In this study, a total of 97 bacteria were isolated from macroplastic debris collected from the coastal environments of Andaman Island. The isolates were screened for LDPE degradation potential and were identified based on phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular characterization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThraustochytrids are the most promising microbial source for the commercial production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for its application in the human health, aquaculture, and nutraceutical sectors. The present study isolated 127 thraustochytrid strains from mangrove habitats of the south Andaman Islands, India to study their diversity, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and biotechnological potential. The predominant strains were identified as belonging to two major genera () based on morphological and molecular characteristics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChloropycean microalgae are looked up as a prospective alternate source for the production of xanthophyll carotenoid lutein. Despite, the market significance and multitude of nutraceutical applications of lutein commercial production from microalgae still remains a challenge due to the prohibitive downstream cost. This necessitates innovative less energy intensive, high lutein yielding green processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFish Shellfish Immunol
October 2021
Pathogen infections in shrimps trigger the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a part of immune response. The excessive accumulation of ROS causes the production of oxidative stress, which leads to oxidative damage of the biomolecules in the host cells. The inclusion of dietary antioxidants is known to mitigate oxidative stress and stimulate immunity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeep-sea bacteria when grown in normal environmental conditions get morphologically and genetically adapted to resist the provided culture conditions for their survival, making them a possible aspirant in mercury bioremediation. In this study, seawater samples were collected from different depths of the Central Indian Ocean and seven mercury resistant bacteria (resistant to 100 mg L concentration of inorganic Hg as HgCl) were isolated. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the identified isolates belong to the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Pseudoalteromonas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMarine biogrowth infestation of a seawater intake system was investigated. A digital camera fixed onto a skid was used to record the biogrowth at intervals of 5m up to a depth of 55m. Divers inspected the intake shaft and collected the biogrowth samples for biomass estimation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe diversity of actinobacteria associated with marine ascidian Phallusia nigra from Andaman Islands was investigated. A total of 10 actinobacteria were isolated and based on the biochemical and molecular characterization, the isolates were assigned to 7 different actinobacterial genera. Eight putatively novel species belonging to genera Rhodococcus, Kineococcus, Kocuria, Janibacter, Salinispora and Arthrobacter were identified based on 16S rDNA sequence similarity with the NCBI database.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe prime challenge in seawater culture of microalgae for high value biomolecules production is presence of salt. Hence, twelve different salt removal treatments were evaluated for their impact on the lutein, total carotenoid, chlorophyll yields and fatty acid profile of marine microalgae (NIOT-74). The effectiveness of different treatments on salt removal was also visualized with the aid of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMarine invertebrates, particularly ascidians, constitute an important source of potential active and biofunctional natural products. The microbial diversity associated with ascidians is little recognized, although these microorganisms play a vital role in marine ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate bacterial population diversity in four ascidian samples: Phallusia nigra, Phallusia fumigata, Eudistoma viride, and Rhopalaea macrothorax, collected from the North Bay, Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA deep-sea fungus Aspergillus sydowii BOBA1 isolated from marine sediment at a depth of 3000 m was capable of degrading spent engine (SE) oil. The response of immobilized fungi towards degradation at elevated pressure was studied in customized high pressure reactors without any deviation in simulating in situ deep-sea conditions. The growth rate of A.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn recent years, urban and industrial development initiatives at Puducherry and Diu such as tourism, shipping, and fisheries have led to sediment contamination by trace metals, and contributed to this investigation that extended from 2016 to 2017. Strong factor loadings of Cd (0.94), Ni (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroplastics (MPs) are widely-recognized contaminants and marine sediments act as a sink of MPs and therefore may cause a potential threat to benthic communities. We aim to analyze the MPs abundances and characteristics in the seafloor sediments from the continental shelves of the Arabian and Andaman seas. Twenty-two seafloor sediments were collected from 8 and 14 locations of the Arabian and Andaman seas, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolystyrene (PS) films were subjected to in vitro biodegradation by Bacillus paralicheniformis G1 (MN720578) isolated from 3538 m depth sediments of the Arabian Sea. The growth of the isolate was most favourable at pH 7.5, 30 °C and 4% salinity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrehalose, a non-reducing disaccharide (α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→1)-α-D-glucopyranoside) is a natural compound, which serves as a protective substance in halophilic bacterial cells. Trehalose biosynthesis genes ( and ) were PCR amplified from the genomic DNA of deep sea actinobacteria, NIOT-DSA03. The amplified genes were cloned and nucleotide sequences were determined.
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