Comparative evaluation of post treatment CT scan and clinical parameters in open reduction and closed reduction treatment of condylar fractures.

Background: Mandibular fracture is the second most common fracture of facial bone, next to nasal bone. Twenty-five to forty percent of mandibular fractures involve the condyle. In the literature, there exists no consensus "gold standard" treatment for mandibular condylar fractures, and there is a continuing debate on whether condylar fractures should undergo closed or open reduction.

Comparison of trans-gastric trans-enteric (trans-duodenal or trans-jejunal) endoscopic ultrasound guided gallbladder drainage using lumen apposing metal stents.

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) is being increasingly used in practice (either as a bridge to cholecystectomy in high-risk patients or as destination therapy in non-surgical patients). Stents are used to create a conduit between the lumen of the gallbladder (GB) and the intestinal lumen through the gastric or enteric routes. Among the various types of stents used, cautery-enhanced lumen apposing metallic stents (LAMS) may be associated with fewer adverse events (AEs).

Breast cancer metastasizing to the upper gastrointestinal tract (the esophagus and the stomach): A comprehensive review of the literature.

Breast cancer can infrequently metastasize to the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract but the exact incidence is not well established-there is considerable variation between incidence reported from clinical studies and incidence noted in autopsy series. Clinical presentation can be very non-specific and often mimics primary gastrointestinal conditions. Endoscopy alone may not be sufficient to make a diagnosis and misdiagnosis is also common.

EUS diagnosis of hepatic angiomyolipoma.

Video 1FNA of a mass identified in the caudate lobe of the liver with US gastrovideoscope.

Impact of Infection on the Pathogenesis and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

() infection is widely prevalent worldwide. infection has been reported to be a risk factor for the development of insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Because treatment for NAFLD, other than weight loss is limited, the treatment for infection is well established.

Variant Biliary Anatomy in Biological Siblings.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard of care for cholecystolithiasis but carries an increased risk of biliary injury compared to open cholecystectomy. Complications from laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be related to several factors. These include - (i) technical factors that depend on the skill of the surgeon, (ii) pathologic factors such as associated inflammation and adhesions, and (iii) anatomic factors such as biliary anatomy.

infection and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth-more than what meets the eye.

() infection is very common and affects a significant proportion of the world population. In contrast, the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in the general population is not well understood. There can be coexistence of both disease states in a given patient and their clinical symptoms may also overlap with one and another.

Sister Mary Joseph Nodule and Concomitant Pancreatitis as Initial Presentation of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma - Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Umbilical metastasis [Sister Mary Joseph Nodule (SMJN)] is a rare presentation of visceral abdominal/pelvic malignancy. It is less commonly seen in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma and there are only over a hundred cases to date in the literature on this topic. This article highlights a case of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma presenting as SMJN and concomitant pancreatitis (which to the best of our knowledge is the first such report to date) with discussions regarding the etiopathogenesis of this phenomenon and presents a brief literature review on pancreatic adenocarcinoma presenting as SMJN.

Acute Peptic Ulcer Disease Caused by Non-Helicobacter pylori-Helicobacter.

Human infection by Non--Helicobacter is rare and most commonly transmitted through direct contact with animals. The clinical presentation in most cases is chronic epigastric abdominal pain and it usually leads to chronic gastritis. We present an uncommon case of a patient with acute onset abdominal pain secondary to acute peptic ulcer disease caused by who underwent successful treatment.

An unusual cause of right upper quadrant pain.

Highlight With less than 20 cases reported worldwide, cystic dilation of the cystic duct (type 6 biliary cyst) is a very rare condition which can commonly present as right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Dharan presents imaging of this rare entity and briefly discusses the available literature.

A Case of Mysterious Impacted Duodenal Foreign Body Presenting with Halitosis.

The majority of gastrointestinal (GI) foreign bodies (FBs) discovered in adults are the result of intentional ingestion, most of which are found in patients with a preexisting psychiatric illness, with substance abuse disorders, or in people seeking secondary gain. No similar case of internal injuries following unintentional ingestion of a barbecue grill cleaning brush bristle has been reported. A 58-year-old Caucasian male with no significant history presented with complaint of halitosis, not improving after oral care and dental hygiene measures.

[ASYMPTOMATIC ADULT RETROGASTRIC BRONCHOGENIC CYST: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT CONSIDERATION BY ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION (EUS-FNA)].

Background: Adult bronchogenic cysts are rare. Retrogastric bronchogenic cysts are even rarer with only over 30 cases being reported in the English literature. These foregut cysts can be confused with cystic tumors.

Utility of cell block preparation in endometrial aspiration cytology: a report of 4 cases.

Background: Endometrial aspiration (EA) cytology is a simple yet highly useful diagnostic procedure for uterine and extrauterine malignancies.

Cases: Two postmenopausal women underwent EA following ultrasonographic findings of unilateral hydrosalpinx and fluid in the endometrial cavity. A few atypical glandular clusters were detected on cytologic smears.

Unilateral pleural effusion as a presenting manifestation of plasma cell myeloma (multiple myeloma): a case report.

Background: Malignant pleural effusion caused by multiple myeloma (MM) is rare, occurring as a late complication with a poor prognosis. Myelomatous pleural effusion (MPE) as an initial manifestation of the disease is extremely uncommon.

Case: A 54-year-old, previously healthy man presented with right-sided pleural effusion.

The adjunctive value of CD10 immunostaining on cell block preparations in pelvic endometriosis.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of CD10 immunostaining on cell block preparations from pelvic washing cytology material obtained during laparoscopy in cases of pelvic endometriosis (PE).

Study Design: Six premenopausal women presenting with ovarian masses underwent a laparoscopic procedure. In addition to routine cytospin preparations, cell blocks were prepared using the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded method from the pelvic washings in each case.

Hyaline globules in ectopic decidua in a pregnant woman with cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Decidual reaction in pelvic lymph nodes has been increasingly documented during pregnancy. This may pose diagnostic difficulty during intraoperative frozen section (FS) and cytological consultation in women undergoing surgical procedures for cervical Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A 34-year-woman diagnosed to have invasive SCC (stage IB1) of the cervix at 14th week of her first pregnancy underwent abdominal radical trachelectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy at 22 weeks of gestation.

Eosinophilic pancreatic infiltration as a manifestation of lung carcinoma.

A 68-year-old man reported upper abdominal pain during the previous 3 months that worsened in the last 2 days. He had a history of lung squamous cell carcinoma for which he underwent right lung lobectomy 3 years earlier. Preliminary blood tests showed leucocytosis with marked eosinophilia.

Metastatic minor salivary gland colloid carcinoma in the parotid region after parotidectomy for pleomorphic adenoma: a case report.

Background: Primary colloid or mucinous carcinoma of the salivary glands is extremely rare. Only a few cases have been reported that originated in the minor salivary glands. an even more exceptional presentation is as a metastatic tumor in the parotid region subsequent to superficial parotidectomy for pleomorphic adenoma.

Combined adrenal myelolipoma and medullary hyperplasia.

Objective: A patient is reported with hypertension due to combined medullary adrenal hyperplasia and myelolipoma.

Methods: A 52-year-old woman with long-standing hypertension was evaluated for an incidentally discovered large tumor of the left adrenal. Left adrenalectomy was performed for a presumptive clinical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.