Patency Rates and Outcomes of Renal Access Arteriovenous Fistulas for Hemodialysis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Hemodialysis remains the most popular modality of renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease patients with chronic kidney disease. Various factors such as a radial artery, cephalic vein diameter, age, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus can affect the fistula maturation. This study was carried out to know the patency rates and factors affecting fistula maturation in the Indian population.

From Theory to Practice: A Sustainable Solution to Water Scarcity by Using a Hybrid Solar Distiller with a Heat Exchanger and Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles.

The study presently conducted focused on analyzing a solar-powered desalination setup that had a double slope. It can recycle blackish water into drinking water with solar energy. Not only does this result in a significant decrease in carbon emissions but it also represents an environmentally beneficial alternative that is particularly suited for arid locations that are lacking of electrical infrastructure.

Differential expression of circulating microRNAs in serum: Potential biomarkers to track Japanese encephalitis virus infection.

Japanese encephalitis is one of the serious vector-borne viral encephalitis diseases found worldwide and poses a major threat to public health. Most Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infections are subclinical; only 1: 250 to 1:1000 infected persons develop clinical presentations. Delay in proper diagnosis of JE affects the timeliness of treatment initiation and increases the mortality rate in patients.

Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflamatory cytokine genes polymorphisms and susceptibility to Japanese encephalitis disease in the North Indian population.

Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the major cause of viral encephalitis in many regions of Asia. Cytokines, including pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory are key regulators playing a detrimental role in the host response to JE infection, pathogenesis and disease outcome. Evidently, the host's cytokine response is genetically determined, representing the complexity of interindividual differences regarding immune response to viral infection.

Association of interleukin-6 (174 G/C) and interleukin-12B (1188 A/C) gene polymorphism with expression and risk of Japanese encephalitis disease in North Indian population.

Background: Japanese encephalitis is an acute inflammatory disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). In this study we aim to determine the association of IL-6 (174) and IL-12B (1188A/C) gene polymorphisms with JEV susceptibility, disease severity and outcomes in north Indian population.

Methods: This study was performed an equal number of cases and control individuals (125).

The Spectrum of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Coronavirus Disease-19: Predictors, Relationship With Disease Severity, and Outcome.

Introduction: We prospectively studied the frequency, spectrum, and predictors of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms among patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and the relationship between GI symptoms and the severity and outcome.

Methods: Consecutive patients with COVID-19, diagnosed in a university hospital referral laboratory in northern India, were evaluated for clinical manifestations including GI symptoms, their predictors, and the relationship between the presence of these symptoms, disease severity, and outcome on univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results: Of 16,317 subjects tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in their oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs during April-May 2020, 252 (1.

Use of Filter Paper to Measure Alcohol Biomarkers among Opioid-Dependent Patients on Agonist Maintenance Treatment: A Community-Based Study.

Background: Harmful Alcohol use is frequent among opioid dependents patients undergoing agonist maintenance treatment. The objective assessment of harmful alcohol use can be done using laboratory measures of serum biomarkers. For community-based patients, there is often a requirement of an alternative method due to lack of onsite laboratory services.

Increased serum microRNA-29b expression and bad recovery in Japanese encephalitis virus infected patients; A new component to improve the disease recovery.

Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic mosquito-borne Flavivirus, mainly prevalent in Asia. It is the most important causative agent of acute viral encephalitis in humans. Recently, micro RNAs are discovered as a key regulator of inflammatory and immune responses in various diseases including neurological and viral infections.

Detection of long term cellular immune response to Japanese encephalitis vaccination using IFN-γ ELIspot assay.

Vaccine is the most effective preventive measure against Japanese Encephalitis infection. Role of IFN-γ expressing T cells for JE virus clearance has been described as a part of cellular immunity. Vaccine induced immunity also involve the cellular immune response, therefore the study was aimed to observe induction and persistence of IFN-γ expressing T cells by IFN-γ ELISpot assay.

Living with an alcoholic partner: Problems faced and coping strategies used by wives of alcoholic clients.

Background: Alcoholism is considered as a major health as well as a social problem. Often the family members of alcoholics suffer intense psychological, physical and social trauma due to the core drinking problem of the family member. Most deeply affected are the wives of alcoholics.

Prevalence and species spectrum of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates at a tertiary care center.

Objective/background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection associated with pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease has been increasing globally. Despite an increase in incidence rate of NTM infection, its prevalence, species diversity, and circulation pattern in India is largely unknown. This study sought to investigate the overall burden and diversity of NTM among both pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical isolates from a Northern Indian population.

Clinical characterization of influenza A and human respiratory syncytial virus among patients with influenza like illness.

Influenza A and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) has been recognized as a major cause of acute respiratory tract infection. H1N1 is one of the subtypes of influenza A, pandemic worldwide in July 2009, causing 18,449 deaths globally. To investigate the prevalence and clinical manifestation of the influenza A, H1N1pdm09, and RSV.

Randomised control trial showed that delayed cord clamping and milking resulted in no significant differences in iron stores and physical growth parameters at one year of age.

Aim: Placental redistribution has been shown to improve haematological outcomes in the immediate neonatal period and early infancy. This study compared the effects of delayed cord clamping (DCC) and umbilical cord milking (UCM) on haematological and growth parameters at 12 months of age.

Methods: This was a follow-up study of a randomised control trial, conducted in a tertiary care paediatric centre from August 2013 to August 2014.

Association of ICAM-1 K469E polymorphism with dengue infection in North Indian population.

Dengue infection is caused by flavivirus is one of the leading cause of mortality. There are certain factors which play role in the transformation of a mild form of the disease (DF) into a severe form (DHF) but the most important ones are: viral strain virulence, host genetics, and host immune status. In severe dengue infection, plasma leakage occurs due to vascular endothelial cell activation through expression of adhesion molecule like intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).

Entomological and serological investigation of Japanese encephalitis in endemic area of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background & Objectives: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito borne pathogen, is one of the major causes of viral encephalitis in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. The objective of this work was to evaluate the entomological based virological surveillance of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in the highly endemic area of eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Methods: The study was carried out during September 2010 to March 2013 in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh.

Validity of non-invasive point-of-care hemoglobin estimation in healthy and sick children-a method comparison study.

Unlabelled: This study was conducted at a tertiary care center in northern India to evaluate the validity of non-invasive transcutaneous hemoglobin estimation in healthy and sick children in comparison to hemoglobin estimation by traditional lab method. A method comparison study was conducted including 150 subjects. Enrolled patients included 80 neonates with average age of 3.

Evaluation of hearing deficit in patients with oral submucous fibrosis.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a well recognized premalignant condition predominantly affecting the oral cavity, but sometimes extending to the pharynx, esophagus or even the larynx. OSMF may lead to stiffness of the oral cavity, resulting in trismus and inability to eat, difficulty with speech or swallowing, pain in the throat and ears, and a relative loss of auditory acuity. To evaluate the hearing deficit in patients with OSMF, we examined a study group comprising 40 patients, and also 10 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as controls.

Comparison of two types of intervention to enhance placental redistribution in term infants: randomized control trial.

Unlabelled: The objective of the study was to compare the effect of umbilical cord milking (UCM) and delayed cord clamping (DCC) on hematological parameters (serum ferritin and hemoglobin) at 6 weeks of life in term neonates. It was a randomized controlled trail conducted at a teaching hospital in North India during August 2012 to August 2013. Babies born at >36 weeks of gestation were randomized in two groups, UCM and DCC (100 in each group).

Risperidone-induced rabbit syndrome: an unusual movement disorder.

Rabbit syndrome is an antipsychotic-induced rhythmic motion of the mouth and lips, resembling the chewing motion of a rabbit. The motion consists of vertical movement; the tongue is not involved. The reported prevalence of rabbit syndrome ranges from 2.

Giant unilateral hydrocele "en-bisac" with right hydronephrosis in an adult: A rare entity.

Abdominoscrotal hydrocele consists of two large sacs; the abdominal and scrotal, both are connected via the inguinal canal. The diagnosis is made by clinical examination and can be confirmed with ultrasound scan. Surgical treatment is considered mandatory since spontaneous resolution is extremely rare.

Forgotten stent leading to complex panurinary stone: single-sitting endourologic management.

A case of forgotten and fragmented JJ ureteral stent with significant complex, panurinary stone bulk (stone in kidney, ureter and bladder) was managed in a single sitting using mechanical lithotrite for bladder and ureteral components and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy for the renal component.

"Egg shell" in bladder: A calculus around neglected Foley balloon catheter.

Suprapubic catheterization of the bladder is used as a short- or long-term alternative to urethral catheterization. As with any indwelling urinary catheter, proper care is vitally important to minimize complications.