In clinical practice, cervical disc abnormalities such as herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), degenerative disc disease (DDD), and internal disc disturbance are seen. DDD includes degeneration causing annular tears, a decrease in disc height, and nuclear degradation. Cervical stenosis with myelopathy can be caused by anything that narrows the spinal canal and compresses the spinal cord, such as bone spurs, herniated discs, or bulging ligaments.
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