Radiology resident competency in orthopedic trauma detection in simulated on-call scenarios.

Purpose: To evaluate radiology residents' ability to accurately identify three specific types of orthopedic trauma using radiographic imaging within a simulated on-call environment.

Methods: We utilized the Wisdom in Diagnostic Imaging Emergent/Critical Care Radiology Simulation (WIDI SIM) to assess residents' preparedness for independent radiology call. The simulation included 65 cases, with three focusing on orthopedic trauma: sacral ala, femoral neck, and pediatric tibial/Toddler's fractures.

Radiology resident proficiency in identifying misplaced lines, tubes, and devices: a simulation-based study using WIDI SIM.

Purpose: Accurate placement of medical devices is crucial in critical care to prevent severe complications. This study aims to evaluate radiology residents' proficiency in identifying four specific critical misplacements of medical devices using the Wisdom in Diagnostic Imaging Simulation (WIDI SIM).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1,102 responses from radiology residents who participated in the WIDI SIM between 2010 and 2022.

Correlation between adult trauma center status and radiology resident performance on trauma cases in the WIDI SIM exam.

Purpose: To assess whether adult trauma center status influences radiology resident performance on trauma cases in the Emergent/Critical Care Imaging SIMulation (WIDI SIM) exam.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 29,290 WIDI SIM exam scores from 110 adult trauma cases across 55 radiology residency programs. Residents were categorized by training level-R1 (n = 17,801), R2 (n = 9,136), R3 (n = 1,826), R4 (n = 527)-and by their program's adult trauma center designation: Level 1 (n = 20,121), Level 2 (n = 1,870), Level 3 (n = 1,029), Level 4 (n = 487), and no trauma designation (n = 5,834).

Challenges in diagnosis of calcaneal fractures: an examination using the WIDI SIM platform.

Introduction: The calcaneus is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone. Diagnosis is often challenging due to subtle radiographic changes and requires timely identification to prevent complications, including subtalar arthritis, neurovascular injury, malunion, osteomyelitis, and compartment syndrome. Treatment varies based on fracture type, with non-surgical methods for non-displaced stress fractures and surgical interventions for displaced or intra-articular fractures.

MicroRNAs as biomarkers of brain injury in neonatal encephalopathy: an observational cohort study.

Neonatal Encephalopathy (NE) is a major cause of lifelong disability and neurological complications in affected infants. Identifying novel diagnostic biomarkers in this population may assist in predicting MRI injury and differentiate neonates with NE from those with low-cord pH or healthy neonates and may help clinicians make real-time decisions. To compare the microRNA (miRNA) profiles between neonates with NE, healthy controls, and neonates with low cord pH.

An assessment of radiology resident competency in identifying suppurative retropharyngeal lymphadenitis: an examination using the WIDI SIM platform.

Background And Purpose: Suppurative retropharyngeal lymphadenitis is a retropharyngeal space infection almost exclusively seen in the young (4-8 years old) pediatric population. It can be misdiagnosed as a retropharyngeal abscess, leading to unnecessary invasive treatment procedures. This retrospective study aims to assess radiology residents' ability to independently identify CT imaging findings and make a definitive diagnosis of suppurative retropharyngeal lymphadenitis in a simulated call environment.

NRBC concentrations over time in neonates with moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy with and without sentinel events.

Objective: To study the serum concentrations of nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) over time in neonates with moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy (NE).

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study with subjects subdivided into three groups: definite sentinel events (n = 52), probable sentinel events (n = 20) and no history of sentinel events (n = 63). Peak absolute NRBC and NRBC/100 WBC were compared between groups and with MRI Injury score, cord and admission pH/base deficit.

Radiology resident competency in detecting basilar artery occlusion: a simulation-based assessment.

Purpose: Basilar artery strokes are rare but can have characteristic imaging findings that can often be overlooked. This retrospective study aims to assess radiology residents' ability to identify CT imaging findings of basilar artery occlusion in a simulated call environment.

Methods: The Wisdom in Diagnostic Imaging Emergent/Critical Care Radiology Simulation (WIDI SIM)-a tested and reliable computer-aided emergency imaging simulation-was employed to assess resident readiness for independent radiology call.

Prognostic and Diagnostic Utility of Serum Biomarkers in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major cause of morbidity and death among the pediatric population. Timely diagnosis, however, remains a complex task because of the lack of standardized methods that permit its accurate identification. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum levels of brain injury biomarkers can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in this pathology.

An Unusual Case of a Perforated Meckel's Diverticulum.

Background: Meckel's diverticulum, the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, typically presents in children with gastrointestinal bleeding. . An 11-year-old Caucasian male presented with a 6 week history of abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Does Preterm Status Hinder the Timely Diagnosis of Intestinal Atresia?

Intestinal atresia is one of the most common causes of bowel obstruction in newborns. Unfortunately, this diagnosis is often missed or delayed in extremely preterm infants because of complications of prematurity including feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis. Here we report 2 cases of jejunoileal atresia in extremely preterm infants who were diagnosed beyond 30 days of age.

Imaging of pediatric extragonadal pelvic soft tissue tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper.

The most common pediatric extragonadal pelvic cancers include germ cell tumors, sacrococcygeal teratomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas (arising from the urinary bladder, prostate, paratesticular tissues, vagina, uterus, and perineum). This paper describes the radiological and nuclear medicine features of these entities and provides consensus-based recommendations for the assessment at diagnosis, during, and after treatment.

A Pictorial Review of Pelvic Pain-Beyond the Genitourinary System.

Pelvic pain may be caused by disorders of the reproductive, urinary, or gastrointestinal systems. In the pediatric population, pelvic pain is often first evaluated with ultrasonography, with other imaging modalities reserved for further workup or specific indications. Radiologists must be aware of the findings associated with common pelvic emergencies to allow prompt diagnosis and prevention of life-threatening complications.

Imaging of pediatric neuroblastoma: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper.

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid neoplasm in children. This manuscript provides consensus-based imaging recommendations for pediatric neuroblastoma patients at diagnosis and during follow-up.

Imaging recommendations in pediatric lymphoma: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper.

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are both malignancies originating in the lymphatic system and both affect children, but many features differ considerably, impacting workup and management. This paper provides consensus-based imaging recommendations for evaluation of patients with HL and NHL at diagnosis and response assessment for both interim and end of therapy (follow-up).

Imaging Findings in Neonatal and Pediatric Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Differ From Adults.

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is classically a reversible clinical radiographic syndrome associated with predominantly posterior leukoencephalopathy on neuroimaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adults demonstrates almost universally reversible parietal-occipital disease. We aimed to demonstrate in a cohort of children that "atypical" distribution is expected, acutely and on follow-up.

Intracranial Imaging of Preterm Infants with Suspected Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: Comparing MRI and Ultrasound.

Aims: We correlate ultrasound, MRI, and clinical findings in neonates with suspected hypoxic ischemic injury.

Background: Recent advances in neuroimaging have led to improved detection of subtle insults associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes, beyond more historically described lesions such as large hemorrhages and hydrocephalus.

Objective: In this study, we compare cranial ultrasound to MRI for the evaluation of suspected HIE in preterm infants.

Combined GFAP, NFL, Tau, and UCH-L1 panel increases prediction of outcomes in neonatal encephalopathy.

Background: Neuroprognostication in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy (NE) may be enhanced by early serial measurement of a panel of four brain-specific biomarkers.

Methods: To evaluate serum biomarkers, 40 NE samples and 37 healthy neonates from a biorepository were analyzed. Blood samples were collected at 0-6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h of life.

Bubbles in the belly: How well do radiology trainees recognize pneumatosis in pediatric patients on plain film?

Objectives: Pneumatosis intestinalis is a radiographic finding that refers to the presence of gas within the walls of the small or large bowel. This sign is diagnostic in the setting of premature infants with suspected necrotizing enterocolitis. Earlier detection of NEC on X-ray is vital to improve the overall management in these infants.

Pediatric craniosynostosis computed tomography: an institutional experience in reducing radiation dose while maintaining diagnostic image quality.

Background: Children with craniosynostosis may undergo multiple computed tomography (CT) examinations for diagnosis and post-treatment follow-up, resulting in cumulative radiation exposure.

Objective: To reduce the risks associated with radiation exposure, we evaluated the compliance, radiation dose reduction and clinical image quality of a lower-dose CT protocol for pediatric craniosynostosis implemented at our institution.

Materials And Methods: The standard of care at our institution was modified to replace pediatric head CT protocols with a lower-dose CT protocol utilizing 100 kV, 5 mAs and iterative reconstruction.

Childhood interstitial lung disease: A case-based review of the imaging findings.

Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) consists of a large, heterogeneous group of individually rare disorders. chILD demonstrates major differences in disease etiology, natural history, and management when compared with the adult group. It occurs primarily secondary to an underlying developmental or genetic abnormality affecting the growth and maturity of the pediatric lung.

Rate of resident recognition of nonaccidental trauma: how well do residents perform?

Background: A resident working under the entrustable professional activity of a graduated independent coverage model must identify nonaccidental trauma and notify clinicians of this concern to facilitate potential removal of the child from harm. The resident's role in identifying child abuse has not previously been studied.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess radiology residents' ability to identify radiographic imaging findings of nonaccidental trauma in a simulated call environment.