Epileptic manifestations, pathophysiology, and imaging characteristics of non-ketotic hyperglycaemia: a review of the literature and a report of two cases with irreversible cortical vision loss.

The purpose of this review is to create more awareness regarding the epileptic manifestations of non-ketotic hyperglycaemia, which are not widely recognised, and to assist understanding of the pathophysiology involved. Given that type II diabetes is one of the common causes of morbidity worldwide, it is important to appreciate the various neurological manifestations of non-ketotic hyperglycaemia.Here, I present two cases and review the existing literature.

Intracranial Major Artery and Venous Sinus Thrombosis in a Young Male with MTHFR Mutation and Protein S Deficiency.

This case represents a unique example of stroke in a young patient involving major venous sinuses as well as major artery in a span of 6 months. After evaluation, he was found to have an abnormal thrombophilia profile. In young patients with recurrent stroke, investigating for an abnormal thrombophilia profile is crucial.

Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumour Presenting as GABA B Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis.

GABA B receptor antibody positive autoimmune encephalitis is rarely seen in clinical practice. It is usually associated with small cell lung carcinoma, and occasionally with neuroendocrine tumour (NET) of lung. GABA B receptor antibody can be associated with other autoimmune antibodies like antinuclear antibody and antibody to Glutamic acid decarboxylase.

Does the Tempo and Pattern of Neurological Syndrome Help Diagnose Paraneoplastic Etiology?

Background: Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are defined as remote effects of cancer that are not caused by the tumor and its metastasis, or by infection, ischemia or metabolic disruptions. In most patients, the neurological disorder is the manifesting condition and cancer is not detectable clinically at that time. Hence, most often it will be upon the neurologist and not the oncologist to detect paraneoplastic syndrome.