Surgical Management and Outcomes of Aneurysms of Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery: Location-Based Approaches with Review of Literature.

 Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is a tortuous, variable, and uncommon site for aneurysms. Surgical management of PICA aneurysms involves careful selection of approach based on the location of the aneurysm and meticulous dissection of the neurovascular structures and perforators.  We did a retrospective review of all the PICA aneurysms operated at our institute in the past 10 years along with the site, presentation, and approach used for the same.

Hirayama disease/cervical flexion-induced myelopathy progressing to spastic paraparesis: A report on three cases with literature review.

Hirayama disease (HD)/cervical flexion-induced myelopathy (CFIM) is a lower motor neuron disease conventionally affecting a single upper extremity. We describe three men progressing after a long stable period to develop severe spastic paraparesis and bladder disturbances as a protracted implication of HD. The age at onset was 20, 24, and 15 years, while the age at presentation was 27, 41, and 57 years, respectively.

Unusual cause of high cervical myelopathy-C1 arch stenosis.

Introduction: High cervical myelopathy can be rarely caused by the developmental anomalies of atlas. Patients with C1 arch stenosis can present in early childhood or later in life. In symptomatic patients, posterior decompression at atlas is mandatory.

Central Nervous System Actinomycosis-A Clinicoradiologic and Histopathologic Analysis.

Introduction: Actinomycosis is an uncommon chronic suppurative infection that rarely affects the central nervous system (CNS). It is caused by filamentous Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria that is a normal commensal but causes suppurative and granulomatous inflammation after disruption of anatomical barriers. We report the largest series of 17 histologically confirmed cases of CNS actinomycosis and review clinical, imaging, and histopathologic features.

Intrafamilial phenotypic variations in familial cases of cervical flexion induced myelopathy/Hirayama disease.

Hirayama disease is generally considered to be a sporadic disorder, except for a few reports of familial occurrence. In this study, we describe eight patients from four families with cervical flexion induced myelopathy (CFIM)/Hirayama disease (HD) and intra-familial phenotypic variations. All underwent clinical and electrophysiological evaluation, while seven of them had contrast MR imaging of cervical spine in flexion.

"Os" omovertebrale variants prove it to be a misnomer.

There are only a few case reports comprising exclusively of os omovertebrale. Here, we discuss various types, varied clinical presentations, associated abnormalities, and management strategies of this abnormality. We retrospectively analyzed three patients with os omovertebrale and their clinical presentation, and also reviewed the limited available literature.

Bicycle accident-related head injuries in India.

Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of head injuries sustained due to bicycle accidents in India.

Materials And Methods: Data were retrospectively collected over a period of six months (15 May 2011 to 15 November 2011). Demography of patients, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), clinical and imaging findings, and mortality and outcome using Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), Rivermead post-concussion symptom questionnaire (RPCSQ) and Rivermead head injury follow-up questionnaire (RHFUQ), were analyzed.

Domestic animal-related neuro-trauma: An account, from a tertiary institute.

Context: Experience of animal-related neurotrauma at an apex institute, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.

Aims: The aim of this study is to review epidemiology, clinical findings, and outcome of animal-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) evaluated and treated at our institute.

Settings And Design: A retrospective study consisting of demographic data, clinical findings, radiological details, and outcomes.