A Novel Tool to Assess Faculty Development Needs Utilizing Student Evaluations.

Background Contemporary academic institutions confront substantial challenges in professional development amid rapid technological advancements. Historically, faculty professional development has relied on individual initiatives or peer assistance. Our medical school encountered analogous obstacles in implementing an innovative curriculum.

A survey of retaining faculty at a new medical school: opportunities, challenges and solutions.

Background: At well-established academic university settings, retaining faculty remains a pressing challenge due to competing market forces, decreasing institutional support, and changing personal expectations. There is a paucity of information about the difficulties faced by new medical schools to maintain their academic workforce. The objective of this study was to determine the challenges facing the faculty at a newly developed medical school.

Curriculum mapping as a tool to facilitate curriculum development: a new School of Medicine experience.

Background: Every curriculum needs to be reviewed, implemented and evaluated; it must also comply with the regulatory standards. This report demonstrates the value of curriculum mapping (CM), which shows the spatial relationships of a curriculum, in developing and managing an integrated medical curriculum.

Methods: A new medical school developed a clinical presentation driven integrated curriculum that incorporates the active-learning pedagogical practices of many educational institutions worldwide while adhering to the mandated requirements of the accreditation bodies.

Gene expression profiling of bovine bronchial epithelial cells exposed in vitro to bovine herpesvirus 1 and Mannheimia haemolytica.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) often occurs when active respiratory virus infections (BHV-1, etc.) impair resistance to Mannheimia haemolytica infection in the lower respiratory tract. The interactions that occur when the respiratory epithelium encounters these viral and bacterial pathogens are poorly understood.

Brief heat treatment causes a structural change and enhances cytotoxicity of the Escherichia coli α-hemolysin.

α-Hemolysin (HLY) is an important virulence factor for uropathogenic Escherichia coli. HLY is a member of the RTX family of exotoxins secreted by a number of Gram-negative bacteria. Recently, it was reported that a related RTX toxin, the Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin, exhibits increased cytotoxicity following brief heat treatment.

N-terminal region of Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin serves as a mitochondrial targeting signal in mammalian cells.

Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin (LktA) is a member of the RTX toxin family that specifically kills ruminant leukocytes. Previous studies have shown that LktA induces apoptosis in susceptible cells via a caspase-9-dependent pathway that involves binding of LktA to mitochondria. In this study, using the bioinformatics tool MitoProt II we identified an N-terminal amino acid sequence of LktA that represents a mitochondrial targeting signal (MTS).

Brief heat treatment increases cytotoxicity of Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin in an LFA-1 independent manner.

Mannheimia haemolytica is an important respiratory pathogen in cattle. Its predominant virulence factor is a leukotoxin (LKT) that is a member of the RTX family of exotoxins produced by a variety of Gram negative bacteria. LKT binds to the CD18 chain of beta(2) integrins on bovine leukocytes, resulting in cell death.

Dynamin-2-dependent targeting of mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin to mitochondrial cyclophilin D in bovine lymphoblastoid cells.

Exotoxins which belong to the family containing the RTX toxins (repeats in toxin) contribute to a variety of important human and animal diseases. One example of such a toxin is the potent leukotoxin (LKT) produced by the bovine respiratory pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica. LKT binds to CD18, resulting in the death of bovine leukocytes.

Effects of lipopolysaccharide and Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin on bovine lung microvascular endothelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells.

Bovine respiratory disease resulting from infection with Mannheimia haemolytica commonly results in extensive vascular leakage into the alveoli. M. haemolytica produces two substances, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and leukotoxin (LKT), that are known to be important in inducing some of the pathological changes.

Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin binds to lipid rafts in bovine lymphoblastoid cells and is internalized in a dynamin-2- and clathrin-dependent manner.

Mannheimia haemolytica is the principal bacterial pathogen of the bovine respiratory disease complex. Its most important virulence factor is a leukotoxin (LKT), which is a member of the RTX family of exotoxins produced by many gram-negative bacteria. Previous studies demonstrated that LKT binds to the beta(2)-integrin LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) on bovine leukocytes, resulting in cell death.

Signaling through interleukin-1 type 1 receptor diminishes Haemophilus somnus lipooligosaccharide-mediated apoptosis of endothelial cells.

During sepsis, endothelial cells are both a source and target of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and others), which may be detrimental to vascular homeostasis.

Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin induces apoptosis of bovine lymphoblastoid cells (BL-3) via a caspase-9-dependent mitochondrial pathway.

Mannheimia haemolytica is a key pathogen in the bovine respiratory disease complex. It produces a leukotoxin (LKT) that is an important virulence factor, causing cell death in bovine leukocytes. The LKT binds to the beta(2) integrin CD11a/CD18, which usually activates signaling pathways that facilitate cell survival.

The assessment of the viability of the endospores of Rhinosporidium seeberi with MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide).

This report describes tests with Evan's Blue and MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) for the assessment of the viability of rhinosporidial endospores. MTT stained a proportion of the spherical bodies that we regard as the Electron Dense Bodies (EDBs), and the cytoplasm of freshly prepared endospores or ones that were stored at 4 degrees. Slow-freezing at -20 degrees C, exposure to 10% formalin, or 0.