Dapagliflozin protects neural and vascular dysfunction of the retina in diabetes.

Introduction: Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose transporter inhibitor, effectively reduces blood glucose and is indicated for individuals with kidney diseases and cardiovascular disorders. In this study, we further expand the therapeutic benefit of dapagliflozin in the neural and vascular retina, with the potential to effectively manage diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common complication of diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Db/db mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes, were treated with dapagliflozin orally, and the electroretinogram (ERG) response and acellular capillary numbers were assessed.

Chronic Skull Base Erosion from Temporomandibular Joint Disease Causes Generalized Seizure and Profound Lactic Acidosis.

This report displays a rare presentation of lactic acidosis in the setting of status epilepticus (SE). The differential diagnosis of lactic acidosis is broad and typically originates from states of shock; however, this report highlights an alternative and rare etiology, SE, due to chronic skull base erosion from temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease. Lactic acidosis is defined by a pH below 7.

The Wills Eye Glaucoma App: Interest of Patients and Their Caregivers in a Smartphone-based and Tablet-based Glaucoma Application.

Purpose: To evaluate the interest of glaucoma patients and their caregivers in a smartphone-based and tablet-based glaucoma application (App), developed by the Wills Eye Glaucoma Research Center in collaboration with Drexel University.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional survey of patients with glaucoma and their caregivers. Main outcome measures are answers to survey questions regarding how receptive participants are to using the Glaucoma App.

Ahmed Versus Baerveldt Glaucoma Drainage Implantation in Patients With Markedly Elevated Intraocular Pressure (≥30 mm Hg).

Purpose: Glaucoma patients with markedly elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) are at risk for developing severe hypotony-related complications. The goal of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes of the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) and the Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant (BGI) in this patient population.

Methods: Patients with preoperative IOP≥30 mm Hg were included.

The chemokine system and CCR5 antagonists: potential in HIV treatment and other novel therapies.

Since the recognition of human acquired immune deficiency syndrome, numerous classes of pharmacologic therapeutics have been developed to manage the disease. Current therapy includes co-administration of combinations of drugs classified by their mechanism of action as 'transcriptase inhibitors', 'protease inhibitors', 'integrase inhibitors' and the more recent 'fusion inhibitors'. This review focuses on the chemokine system and the recognition of chemokine receptors as targets for anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy.

Alterations in the conjunctival bacterial flora following a single dose of azithromycin in a trachoma endemic area.

Background/aims: The World Health Organisation has recommended repeated mass treatment of children in trachoma endemic areas with oral azithromycin. While chlamydia, the causative agent of trachoma, remains universally sensitive to azithromycin, there is concern that large scale programmes may alter the bacterial flora and induce resistance in streptococcal species. In this study the effect of a single dose of azithromcyin on the prevalence, species distribution, and resistance of conjunctival bacterial flora was determined.