An unusual course of the thoracic duct in relation to the vertebral vessels.

A variation in the course of the thoracic duct was found in the cervical portion of a male cadaver during routine dissection of the head and neck region for undergraduate students. The thoracic duct, while arching laterally above the clavicle, was coursing posterior to the vertebral vein but anterior to the vertebral artery; it normally passes anterior to both the vertebral vein and artery. To the best of our knowledge, this variation in relation to the vertebral vein has not yet been reported.

Morphology and imaging of bony projections on sigmoid sulcus with clinical implication.

Morphologically diverse osseous projections were observed on the anterior lip of the sigmoid sulcus in a study conducted on 318 dry unsexed adult human skulls belonging to the Indian race. For convenience of description, this lip was divided into a longer lateral part, a shorter medial part and a junctional angular part having bony attributes characterized into three types, crests (42.9%), plates (22.

Distribution of serotonin-like immunoreactive nerves in major cerebral arteries of rabbit: an immunohistochemical study.

We studied the distribution pattern of serotonin-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the major cerebral vessels of rabbit by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using whole-mount stretch preparations. The density of serotonin-like immunoreactive nerve fibers was greater in vessels of the posterior part of the circle of Willis compared with that in the anterior part. This is in contrast to most of the observations reported previously regarding adrenergic, cholinergic, and peptidergic innervation of the circle of Willis.

Effect of oestrogen and progesterone on noradrenergic nerves and on nerves showing serotonin-like immunoreactivity in the basilar artery of the rabbit.

The effects of oestrogen and progesterone on noradrenergic nerves and nerves with serotonin (5-HT)-like immunoreactivity in the basilar artery were investigated in the rabbit using whole-mount stretch preparations. The noradrenergic nerves were demonstrated by glyoxylic acid fluorescence histochemistry and nerves with 5-HT-like immunoreactivity by indirect immunofluorescence techniques. Quantitative image analysis of fluorescent nerve fibres revealed that nerve density and varicosity diameter of nerves with 5-HT-like immunoreactivity were significantly (P less than 0.

Perivascular noradrenergic and peptide-containing nerves show different patterns of changes during development and ageing in the guinea-pig.

The development of noradrenergic and peptide-containing perivascular nerves in common carotid, mesenteric, renal and femoral arteries of the guinea-pig was studied using the glyoxylic acid fluorescence and indirect immunofluorescence techniques on whole-mount stretch preparations at 6 stages between 6 weeks in utero and two years after birth. The noradrenergic plexus was more dense than the peptide-containing nerve plexuses in all the blood vessels, and, in general, calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerves were more numerous than substance P-containing nerves which in turn were more numerous than vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing nerves. In mesenteric and carotid arteries, noradrenergic nerve density reached a peak at about 4 weeks after birth that was maintained to old age, whereas the peptide-containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) nerve plexuses reached a peak at birth and declined thereafter to about half maximum density in old age.

Anatomical evidence of one-sided forelimb dominance in the rhesus monkey.

1. Differences in muscle and bone weight in the right and left forelimbs have been studied in twelve Rhesus monkeys. 2.

The distribution of argyrophile and argentaffin cells in the small intestine of rabbits.

The distribution of argentaffin and argyrophile cells has been studied in the small intestine of six rabbits. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The density of argentaffin and argyrophile cells is variable over the length of the small intestine.