Nutritional and Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Properties and Antibacterial Activity of Chinese Chive (Allium odorum L.).

The present study was conducted to generate the comprehensive data on the nutritional composition, minerals, heavy metal, bioactive compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Chinese chive (Allium odorum L.) grown at two different locations including Manipur and Punjab. The crop grown in Manipur exhibited higher values of nutritional and phytochemical compound values than those grown in Punjab.

A General Neurologist's Practical Diagnostic Algorithm for Atypical Parkinsonian Disorders: A Consensus Statement.

Purpose Of Review: The most common four neurodegenerative atypical parkinsonian disorders (APDs) are progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), corticobasal syndrome (CBS), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Their formal diagnostic criteria often require subspecialty experience to implement as designed and all require excluding competing diagnoses without clearly specifying how to do that. Validated diagnostic criteria are not available at all for many of the other common APDs, including normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), vascular parkinsonism (VP), or drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP).

Engineering interfacial polarization switching in van der Waals multilayers.

In conventional ferroelectric materials, polarization is an intrinsic property limited by bulk crystallographic structure and symmetry. Recently, it has been demonstrated that polar order can also be accessed using inherently non-polar van der Waals materials through layer-by-layer assembly into heterostructures, wherein interfacial interactions can generate spontaneous, switchable polarization. Here we show that deliberate interlayer rotations in multilayer van der Waals heterostructures modulate both the spatial ordering and switching dynamics of polar domains.

An assessment of preclinical removable prosthodontics based on multiple-choice questions: Stakeholders' perceptions.

Purpose: Item analysis of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) is an essential tool for identifying items that can be stored, revised, or discarded to build a quality MCQ bank. This study analyzed MCQs based on item analysis to develop a pool of valid and reliable items and investigate stakeholders' perceptions regarding MCQs in a written summative assessment (WSA) based on this item analysis.

Methods: In this descriptive study, 55 questions each from 2016 to 2019 of WSA in preclinical removable prosthodontics for fourth-year undergraduate dentistry students were analyzed for item analysis.

Safety and Efficacy of IPX203 in Parkinson's Disease: The RISE-PD Open-Label Extension Study.

Background: IPX203 is a novel oral extended-release formulation of carbidopa/levodopa (CD/LD) developed to address the short half-life of immediate-release CD/LD. In the phase 3 RISE-PD trial, IPX203 significantly improved "Good On" time in patients with Parkinson's disease compared with immediate-release CD/LD.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of IPX203 in an open-label extension of the pivotal phase 3 study.

Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of NLY01 in early untreated Parkinson's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Converging lines of evidence suggest that microglia are relevant to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, justifying exploration of therapeutic agents thought to attenuate pathogenic microglial function. We sought to test the safety and efficacy of NLY01-a brain-penetrant, pegylated, longer-lasting version of exenatide (a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist) that is believed to be anti-inflammatory via reduction of microglia activation-in Parkinson's disease.

Methods: We report a 36-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of NLY01 in participants with early untreated Parkinson's disease conducted at 58 movement disorder clinics in the USA.

Standardized agronomic practices for mechanical harvesting of the single-harvest garden pea in India.

The field investigations were conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana with the objective to standarize the agronomic practices for mechical harvesting of garden pea. Therefore, effect of different agronomic traits including time of sowing, spacing and sowing method on yield and its attributing traits were studied on singleharvest garden pea. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with 30 treatments comprising five dates of sowing in main plots and 2 different planting methods (flat and bed) sown at three different spacing in subplots and replicated three times.

Adipose Tissue Impacts Radiofrequency Ablation Lesion Size: Results of an Ex Vivo Poultry Model.

Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a common treatment in which radiofrequency (RF) is used to heat neural tissue and reduce pain. The impact of adipose content in tissue on the lesion size may impact efficacy, and to date, there is little, if any, data comparing its influence on RFA.

Objectives: We evaluated the influence of adipose tissue on RF lesion size.

A Randomized Phase 3 Study Comparing P2B001 to its Components (Low-Dose Extended-Release Rasagiline and Pramipexole) and to Optimized Doses of Marketed Extended-Release Pramipexole in Early Parkinson's Disease.

Background: There remains uncertainty as to the optimal way to initiate therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) to maximize benefit and minimize adversity.

Objectives: The objective was to determine if P2B001 (a fixed, low-dose, extended-release [ER] combination of pramipexole 0.6 mg and rasagiline 0.

Design of Electrostatic Aberration Correctors for Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy.

In a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), producing a high-resolution image generally requires an electron beam focused to the smallest point possible. However, the magnetic lenses used to focus the beam are unavoidably imperfect, introducing aberrations that limit resolution. Modern STEMs overcome this by using hardware aberration correctors comprised of many multipole elements, but these devices are complex, expensive, and can be difficult to tune.

Impedance trend from a symptomatic perielectrode cystic cavity following deep brain stimulation: illustrative case.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established neurosurgical intervention for a growing number of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Patients who are affected by Parkinson's disease may benefit from DBS of either the subthalamic nucleus or the globus pallidus internus. Patients who undergo DBS often notice a significant reduction in their clinical symptoms; however, the procedure is not without risks.

Real-Time In Situ Observation of CsPbBr Perovskite Nanoplatelets Transforming into Nanosheets.

The manipulation of nano-objects through heating is an effective strategy for inducing structural modifications and therefore changing the optoelectronic properties of semiconducting materials. Despite its potential, the underlying mechanism of the structural transformations remains elusive, largely due to the challenges associated with their in situ observations. To address these issues, we synthesize temperature-sensitive CsPbBr perovskite nanoplatelets and investigate their structural evolution at the nanoscale using in situ heating transmission electron microscopy.

Genetic Mechanisms for Hybrid Breeding in Vegetable Crops.

To address the complex challenges faced by our planet such as rapidly changing climate patterns, food and nutritional insecurities, and the escalating world population, the development of hybrid vegetable crops is imperative. Vegetable hybrids could effectively mitigate the above-mentioned fundamental challenges in numerous countries. Utilizing genetic mechanisms to create hybrids not only reduces costs but also holds significant practical implications, particularly in streamlining hybrid seed production.

Genetics and marker-assisted breeding for sex expression in cucumber.

Cucumber is an important vegetable crop that provides an accessible draft genome, which has significantly expedited research in various fields of molecular genetics. Cucumber breeders have been employing various methodologies to improve the yield and quality of the crop. These methodologies comprise enhancement of disease resistance, use of gynoecious sex types and their association with parthenocarpy, alterations in plant architecture, and enhancement of genetic variability.

Improving levodopa delivery: IPX203, a novel extended-release carbidopa-levodopa formulation.

Introduction: IPX203 is a novel oral extended-release (ER) formulation of carbidopa (CD) and levodopa (LD) developed to address the short half-life and limited area for absorption of LD in the gastrointestinal tract. This paper presents the formulation strategy of IPX203 and its relationship to the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamic profile of IPX203 in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.

Methods: IPX203 was developed with an innovative technology containing immediate-release (IR) granules and ER beads that provides rapid LD absorption to achieve desired plasma concentration and maintaining it within the therapeutic range for longer than can be achieved with current oral LD formulations.

Enhanced Exciton-to-Trion Conversion by Proton Irradiation of Atomically Thin WS.

Defect engineering of van der Waals semiconductors has been demonstrated as an effective approach to manipulate the structural and functional characteristics toward dynamic device controls, yet correlations between physical properties with defect evolution remain underexplored. Using proton irradiation, we observe an enhanced exciton-to-trion conversion of the atomically thin WS. The altered excitonic states are closely correlated with nanopore induced atomic displacement, W nanoclusters, and zigzag edge terminations, verified by scanning transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of parthenocarpic fruit set-related gene homologs in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.).

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), a major horticultural crop, in the family Cucurbitaceae is grown and consumed globally. Parthenocarpy is an ideal trait for many fruit and vegetables which produces seedless fruit desired by consumers.

Variations in Epidural Steroid Injection Practice Patterns by Pain Medicine Physicians in the United States.

Background: Epidural steroid injections (ESI) are one of the most commonly performed pain procedures; however, there has been variation in techniques and approaches amongst pain physicians in the United States. The formation of a multidisciplinary working group was made with considerations to help guide ESI practice.

Objective: Pain medicine physicians in the United States were surveyed in order to provide an update on current practices for both transforaminal and interlaminar ESI.

Review of Protocol Stack Development of Flying Ad-hoc Networks for Disaster Monitoring Applications.

When disasters such as floods or earthquakes occur, we may not have a support of regular infrastructure based networks. This proves fatal because people who are trapped can not be easily located by search and rescue team. In such cases, airborne network consisting of miniaturized drones can be extremely beneficial in providing quick and effective coverage of the affected area, in an on-demand manner providing instant insights to rescue teams.

Visualizing Grain Statistics in MOCVD WSe through Four-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Using four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate a method to visualize grains and grain boundaries in WSe grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) directly onto silicon dioxide. Despite the chemical purity and uniform thickness and texture of the MOCVD-grown WSe, we observe a high density of small grains that corresponds with the overall selenium deficiency we measure through ion beam analysis. Moreover, reconstruction of grain information permits the creation of orientation maps that demonstrate the nucleation mechanism for new layers-triangular domains with the same orientation as the layer underneath induces a tensile strain increasing the lattice parameter at these sites.

Clinical Efficacy and Dosing of Vibrotactile Coordinated Reset Stimulation in Motor and Non-motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A Study Protocol.

Enhanced neuronal synchronization of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is commonly found in PD patients and corresponds to decreased motor ability. Coordinated reset (CR) was developed to decouple synchronized states causing long lasting desynchronization of neural networks. Vibrotactile CR stimulation (vCR) was developed as non-invasive therapeutic that delivers gentle vibrations to the fingertips.

Olfactory Deficits in the Freezing of Gait Phenotype of Parkinson's Disease.

Olfactory dysfunction often occurs before motor onset in Parkinson's disease (PD) and can be detected with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Based on the Braak hypothesis, the olfactory bulb is one of two sites where disease pathology may start and spread to deeper brain structures. To evaluate whether a specific pattern of odorant identification on the UPSIT discriminated Parkinson's disease patients with and without freezing of gait.

Microbe-Assisted Nanocomposite Anodes for Aqueous Li-Ion Batteries.

With the rapid increase in the use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the development of safe LIBs has become an important social issue. Replacing flammable organic liquid electrolytes in current LIBs with water can be an alternative route to resolve this safety concern. The water-in-salt (WIS) electrolytes received great attention as next-generation electrolytes due to their large electrochemical stability window.