Variants and vaccines impact nasal immunity over three waves of SARS-CoV-2.

Viral variant and host vaccination status impact infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), yet how these factors shift cellular responses in the human nasal mucosa remains uncharacterized. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on nasopharyngeal swabs from vaccinated and unvaccinated adults with acute Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infections and integrated with data from acute infections with ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Patients with Delta and Omicron exhibited greater similarity in nasal cell composition driven by myeloid, T cell and SARS-CoV-2 cell subsets, which was distinct from that of ancestral cases.

Regulation of Paneth cell-specific genes in COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2-infected mice by quantification of mRNA from exfoliated cells in stool samples.

The Paneth cell, a secretory cell of the small intestine, expresses numerous host defense proteins, and is hypothesized to play an important role in host defense against infection. However, studying gene expression in this cell requires invasive procedures. To test the hypothesis that we could observe Paneth cell-specific gene regulation from exfoliated cells in infectious conditions, we obtained stool samples from patients with COVID-19 and uninfected controls.

Protocol for the efficient and inducible generation of CRISPR-Cas9-edited human cortical neurons from the iCas9-iNgn2 hPSCs.

Generation of CRISPR-Cas9-edited cortical neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) enables the study of gene functions and neural disease mechanisms. Here, we present a protocol for developing iCas9-iNgn2 hPSC, an inducible cell line that allows the simultaneous induction of the neuralizing transcription factor Ngn2 and the Cas9 nuclease to rapidly generate edited human cortical neurons. We describe the steps of the protocol from transducing iCas9-iNgn2 with guide RNA-containing lentivirus to producing edited cortical neurons in about 2 weeks.

Hand hygiene compliance of respiratory physiotherapists: An analysis of trends over eight years including the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Background: Respiratory physiotherapists (RPs) are an integral part of healthcare workers delivering care to intubated patients. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of awareness campaigns on hand hygiene (HH) compliance among RPs.

Method: An observational single-center study was conducted between 2015 and 2022 in different ICU types in both adult and paediatric settings.

Clinical outcomes associated with orphenadrine deliberate self-poisoning: a retrospective poisons centre study.

Introduction: Orphenadrine overdoses can cause antimuscarinic toxicity, respiratory failure, refractory seizures and cardiotoxicity. The dose-toxicity relationship is poorly defined. Orphenadrine is marketed as immediate and sustained release formulations, and it is not known how the formulation impacts on toxicity.

Comprehensive and Accurate Molecular Profiling of Breast Cancer through mRNA Expression of , , , , and a Novel Proliferation Signature.

Background: An accurate status determination of breast cancer biomarkers (ER, PR, HER2, Ki67) is crucial for guiding patient management. The "gold standard" for assessing these biomarkers in FFPE tissue is IHC, which faces challenges in standardization and exhibits substantial variability. In this study, we compare the concordance of a new commercial RT-qPCR kit with IHC in determining BC biomarker status.

7, 8-dihydroxyflavone Ameliorates Cholinergic Dysfunction, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Vascular Dementia.

Vascular dementia (VD) is a degenerative cerebrovascular disorder associated with progressive cognitive decline. Previous reports have shown that 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a well-known TrkB agonist, effectively ameliorates cognitive deficits in several disease models. Therefore, this study investigated the protective effects of 7,8-DHF against 2-VO-induced VD.

Taste changes in paediatric oncology: longitudinal evaluation.

Objectives: Changes in taste is a common symptom in paediatric patients receiving cancer therapies. The primary objective was to describe the prevalence of taste changes longitudinally over a 6-month time frame among paediatric patients with newly diagnosed cancer. Secondary objective was to identify factors associated with taste changes over time.

Development of SkinTracker, an integrated dermatology mobile app and web portal enabling remote clinical research studies.

Introduction: In-person dermatology clinical research studies often face recruitment and participation challenges due to travel-, time-, and cost-associated barriers. Studies incorporating virtual/asynchronous formats can potentially enhance research subject participation and satisfaction, but few mobile health tools are available to enable remote study conduct. We developed SkinTracker, a patient-facing mobile app and researcher-facing web platform, that enables longitudinal collection of skin photos, patient reported outcomes, and biometric health and environmental data.

Ziziphus mauritiana-derived nitrogen-doped biogenic carbon dots: Eco-friendly catalysts for dye degradation and antibacterial applications.

In this study, the naturally available Ziziphus Mauritiana was used as a bioresource for the preparation of bifunctional nitrogen doped carbon dots (N-CDs). The doping of nitrogen into the graphitic carbon skeleton and the in-situ formation of N-CDs were systematically identified by the various structural and morphological studies. The green fluorescent N-CDs were used as active catalysts for the removal of Safranin-O dye and achieved 79 % removal efficiency.

Novel Frizzled-specific antibody-based Wnt mimetics and Wnt superagonists selectively activate WNT/β-catenin signaling in target tissues.

WNTs are essential factors for stem cell biology, embryonic development, and for maintaining homeostasis and tissue repair in adults. Difficulties in purifying WNTs and their lack of receptor selectivity have hampered research and regenerative medicine development. While breakthroughs in WNT mimetic development have overcome some of these difficulties, the tools developed so far are incomplete and mimetics alone are often not sufficient.

Regulation of ash slagging behavior of palm oil decanter cake by alum sludge addition.

Combustion of palm oil decanter cake (PODC) is a propitious alternative waste to energy means. However, the mono-combustion of PODC prompt severe ash slagging behavior which give rise to reduction in heat transfer and also shorten the lifespan of combustion reactors. In this study, alum sludge (AS) was introduced at different proportion of 30%, 50% and 70% to revamp the slagging characteristics of PODC during combustion.

Nursing personnel management during COVID-19 pandemic: An exemption trend in view of health reasons.

Background: In the COVID-19 pandemic, the healthcare system faced unprecedented challenges with increased number of patients and limited resources. Managing nursing resource was a major challenge for hospital administration. They had to be on the frontline, but their safety was of paramount importance.

COVID-19 management: Opportunity to reassess protocols?

The COVID 19 pandemic ravaged the globe with a remarkable ferocity and has not entirely abated till now with cases flaring up at various places at different times. The expected course is for it to become endemic with recurring exacerbations. Over the past two years, we have become wiser to its pathology, diagnosis, and treatment.

Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning.

At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions.

Management of Nursing Resource during the Covid 19 Pandemic: Lessons on the Ground.

During the covid 19 pandemic, management of nursing resource which forms the crux of patient care emerged as one of the major challenges amongst many. The strategies for staff mobilization, redeployment and recruitment, along with laying down standard operating procedures evolved as the pandemic progressed. The safety of the staff has to be a major focus area.

Antifungal prescription practices and consumption in a tertiary care hospital of a developing country.

Background: Antifungal stewardship is a less explored component of antimicrobial stewardship programmes, especially in developing countries.

Objective: We aimed to determine antifungal prescription practices in a tertiary centre of a developing country to identify the challenges for antifungal stewardship programmes.

Methods: Four single-day point prevalent surveys were performed in inpatient units and data were collected from medical records.

Lyme Neuroborreliosis with Intracranial Hypertension and Erythema Multiforme: A Rare Presentation.

A 9-year-old previously healthy boy presented with high-grade intermittent fever, severe headache associated with neck stiffness for 5 days, rash over trunk and extremities for 4 days, vomiting for 3 days and diplopia for 2 days. There was no history of seizures, abnormal body movements, altered sensorium or focal deficits. On examination, he had maculopapular erythematous rashes over the trunk and extremities and erythema multiforme.

A Simple Infection Prevention 'Bundle' Including Preoperative Bath With Hair-Wash to Reduce Surgical Site Infection (SSI) Following Elective Caesarean and Gynaecological Surgery in India.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) may be reduced by following SSI prevention measures. We assessed the SSI rate following caesarean section (CS) and gynaecologic surgery after implementing a simple SSI prevention bundle including preoperative bath and hair wash.

Methods: The study was carried out in two hospitals in North India (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research [PGIMER] and Civil Hospital CH) from August 2018 to July 2019.

Tetramethylpyrazine Attenuates Cognitive Impairment Via Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.

Cognitive dysfunction is an important complication observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is known to exhibit anti-diabetic and neuroprotective properties. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of TMP against type 2 diabetes-associated cognitive impairment in rats.

Life-threatening barium carbonate poisoning managed with intravenous potassium, continuous veno-venous haemodialysis and endoscopic removal of retained ceramic glazes.

Introduction: Barium poisoning is rare but potentially severe. We describe a case of acute barium carbonate poisoning with cardiac arrest, managed with intravenous potassium, dialysis and endoscopic removal of retained ceramic glazes.

Case Report: A 38-year-old woman presented with vomiting 90 min after ingesting 3 cups of barium and strontium carbonate.