Development of a Variable-Pitch Flexible-Screw-Driven Continuum Robot (FSDCR) with Motion Decoupling Capability.

Tendon-driven continuum robots suffer from crosstalk of driving forces between sections, typically resulting in motion coupling between sections, which affects their motion accuracy and complicates the control strategies. To address these issues, this article proposes a mechanically designed variable-pitch flexible-screw-driven continuum robot (FSDCR) that enables motion decoupling between sections. The continuum section of the FSDCR comprises a series of orthogonally arranged vertebrae and is driven by customized variable-pitch flexible screws.

A Novel Electromagnetic Driving System for 5-DOF Manipulation in Intraocular Microsurgery.

This work presents a novel electromagnetic driving system that consists of eight optimized electromagnets arranged in an optimal configuration and employs a control framework based on an active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) and virtual boundary. The optimal system configuration enhances the system's compatibility with other ophthalmic surgical instruments, while also improving its capacity to generate magnetic force in the vertical direction. Besides, the optimal electromagnet parameters provide a superior comprehensive performance on magnetic field generation capacity and thermal power.

A Novel Extensible Continuum Robot with Growing Motion Capability Inspired by Plant Growth for Path-Following in Transoral Laryngeal Surgery.

This article presents a novel extensible continuum robot (ECR) with growing motion capability for improved flexible access in transoral laryngeal procedures. The robot uses an extensible continuum joint with a staggered V-shaped notched structure as the backbone, driven by the pushing and pulling of superelastic Nitinol rods. The notched structure is optimized to achieve a wide range of extension/contraction and bending motion for the continuum joint.

Three-year experience with combined complex skin repair in patients with extensive burns: a retrospective study.

Introduction: The Meek micrografting technique used in STSG expansion is effective in achieving wide and rapid coverage of burn wounds. Certain growth factors have also been shown to modulate or mediate wound healing.

Objective: In this study, a combined treatment approach for severe burns involving the Meek micrografting technique, systemic application of rhGH, and topical application of rhEGF was evaluated.

CGK733 alleviates ovariectomy-induced bone loss through blocking RANKL-mediated Ca oscillations and NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways.

Osteoporosis is a prevalent systemic metabolic disease in modern society, in which patients often suffer from bone loss due to over-activation of osteoclasts. Currently, amelioration of bone loss through modulation of osteoclast activity is a major therapeutic strategy. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibitor CGK733 (CG) was reported to have a sensitizing impact in treating malignancies.

Advances in SEMA3F regulation of clinically high-incidence cancers.

Cancer has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in recent years. Its high prevalence has had a severe impact on society. Researchers have achieved fruitful results in the causative factors, pathogenesis, treatment strategies, and cancer prevention.

Ethyl caffeate inhibits macrophage polarization via SIRT1/NF-κB to attenuate traumatic heterotopic ossification in mice.

Heterotopic ossification (HO) denotes the presence of mature bone tissue in soft tissues or around joints. Inflammation is a key driver of traumatic HO, and macrophages play an important role in this process. Ethyl caffeate (ECF), a critical active compound found in Petunia, exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects.

Corylifol A protects against ovariectomized-induced bone loss and attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via ROS reduction, ERK inhibition, and NFATc1 activation.

Osteoclast differentiation and function are critical targets for anti-osteoporosis treatment. Oxidative stress also plays an important regulatory role in the differentiation of osteoclasts. Corylifol A (CA) is a flavonoid extracted from the Psoralea fruit.

Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Paraspeckles Expression in Osteosarcoma Tissues.

Nuclear paraspeckles are subnuclear bodies contracted by nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) long non-coding RNA, localised in the interchromatin space of mammalian cell nuclei. Paraspeckles have been critically involved in tumour progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. To this date, there are limited findings to suggest that paraspeckles, NEAT1 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) directly or indirectly play roles in osteosarcoma progression.

AKT/GSK3β/NFATc1 and ROS signal axes are involved in AZD1390-mediated inhibitory effects on osteoclast and OVX-induced osteoporosis.

As a common disease in modern society, osteoporosis is caused by osteoclast hyperactivation, leading to enhanced bone resorption. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) metobolism and nuclear factor-activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) activities are two crucial processes during osteoclastogenesis. AZD1390 (AZD), an inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), has been reported for antitumor effects, but little is known about how it plays a function in metabolic bone disease.

Anti-Osteoclast Effect of Exportin-1 Inhibitor Eltanexor on Osteoporosis Depends on Nuclear Accumulation of IκBα-NF-κB p65 Complex.

Osteoporosis affects around 200 million people globally, with menopausal women accounting for the bulk of cases. In the occurrence and development of osteoporosis, a key role is played by osteoclasts. Excessive osteoclast-mediated bone resorption activity reduces bone mass and increases bone fragility, resulting in osteoporosis.

Differential Proteomic and Genomic Comparison of Resistance Mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Cefoperazone Sodium/Sulbactam Sodium.

The aim of this study was to determine the resistance mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium. We retrospectively analyzed the drug resistance of P.a isolated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals differential expression of EGFL7 and VEGF in giant-cell tumor of bone and osteosarcoma.

is associated with tumor development and is accompanied by altered expression of pro-angiogenic factors. is a newly identified antigenic factor that plays a role in various cancers such as breast cancer, lung cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia. We have recently found that is expressed in the bone microenvironment, but its role in giant-cell tumor of bone (GCTB) and osteosarcoma (OS) is unknown.

Single-cell RNA-seq identification of four differentially expressed survival-related genes by a TARGET: Osteosarcoma database analysis.

Osteosarcoma (OS) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) have been predicted using the data portal of the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET). In this study, we sought to identify cell types that specially express key DEGs (, and ) in each of the nine identified cell populations derived from tissues of OS tumors with single-cell RNA-sequencing data. Gene expression levels were pairwise compared between cell clusters and a value < 0.

Molecular structure, expression, and the emerging role of Siglec-15 in skeletal biology and cancer.

Siglec-15, a Siglec family member and type-1 transmembrane protein, is expressed mainly in human macrophages and dendritic cells. It is comprised of a lysine-containing transmembrane domain, two extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains and a short cytoplasmic domain. Siglec-15 is highly conserved in vertebrates and acts as an immunoreceptor.

STAT3 and its targeting inhibitors in osteosarcoma.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of seven STAT family members involved with the regulation of cellular growth, differentiation and survival. STAT proteins are conserved among eukaryotes and are important for biological functions of embryogenesis, immunity, haematopoiesis and cell migration. STAT3 is widely expressed and located in the cytoplasm in an inactive form.

A missense mutation sheds light on a novel structure-function relationship of RANKL.

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like core domain of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) is a functional domain critical for osteoclast differentiation. One of the missense mutations identified in patients with osteoclast-poor autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO) is located in residue methionine 199 that is replaced with lysine (M199K) amid the TNF-like core domain. However, the structure-function relationship of this mutation is not clear.

Hymenialdisine: A Marine Natural Product That Acts on Both Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts and Prevents Estrogen-Dependent Bone Loss in Mice.

Excessive osteoclast (OC) activity together with relatively weak osteoblast (OB) function are strongly connected to osteolytic diseases, including osteoporosis, tumor-induced osteolysis, and inflammatory bone erosion. Very few natural products or compounds have been shown to exert therapeutic effects on both OCs and OBs, limiting the potential development of natural compounds for clinical application. Hymenialdisine (HMD) is a marine sponge-derived natural inhibitor of protein kinases with previously reported anti-osteoarthritis and anti-cancer properties.

Fumitremorgin C Attenuates Osteoclast Formation and Function Suppressing RANKL-Induced Signaling Pathways.

Excessive bone resorption conducted by osteoclasts is considered as the main cause of osteoclast-related bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Therefore, the suppression of excessive osteoclast formation and function is one of the strategies to treat osteoclast-related bone diseases. Fumitremorgin C (Fum) is a mycotoxin extracted from .

Loureirin B suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomized osteoporosis via attenuating NFATc1 and ROS activities.

: Osteoporosis is a severe bone disorder that is a threat to our aging population. Excessive osteoclast formation and bone resorption lead to changes in trabecular bone volume and architecture, leaving the bones vulnerable to fracture. Therapeutic approaches of inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption have been proven to be an efficient approach to prevent osteoporosis.

Killing Effects of IFN R Mouse NK Cells Activated by HN Protein of NDV on Mouse Hepatoma Cells and Possible Mechanism with Syk and NF-κB.

The objective of this article is to evaluate whether the tumoricidal activity of mouse IFN R nature killer (NK) cells is induced by Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (NDV-HN) stimulation, and to investigate what is the mechanism of the HN-stimulated NK cells to kill mouse hepatoma cell line in vitro. The mouse IFN R NK cells were stimulated for 16 hr with 500 ng/mL NDV-HN in 1640 medium. Quantify the cytotoxic activities of NK cells against mouse hepatoma cells (Hepa1-6) by flow cytometry.