Coordination between circadian neural circuit and intracellular molecular clock ensures rhythmic activation of adult neural stem cells.

The circadian clock throughout the day organizes the activity of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of adult hippocampus temporally. However, it is still unclear whether and how circadian signals from the niches contribute to daily rhythmic variation of NSC activation. Here, we show that norepinephrinergic (NEergic) projections from the locus coeruleus (LC), a brain arousal system, innervate into adult DG, where daily rhythmic release of norepinephrine (NE) from the LC NEergic neurons controlled circadian variation of NSC activation through β3-adrenoceptors.

Remodeling of Gut Microbiota by Probiotics Alleviated Heat Stroke-Induced Necroptosis in Male Germ Cells.

Scope: Systemic heat stress (or heatstroke; HS) induces germ cell death and spermatogenesis disorders in men and male mammals. Also, it affects the immune environment of the circulatory system promoting gut inflammation and intestinal permeability, leading to pathogenic infection. In this study, the crosstalk between the gut and testis (gut-testis axis) under HS is explored, by examining the effects of intestinal immune status on the health of the male reproductive system in mice.

Gut microbiota supports male reproduction nutrition, immunity, and signaling.

Gut microbiota (GM) is a major component of the gastrointestinal tract. Growing evidence suggests that it has various effects on many distal organs including the male reproductive system in mammals. GM and testis form the gut-testis axis involving the production of key molecules through microbial metabolism or synthesis.

Placenta-Specific miR-125b Overexpression Leads to Increased Rates of Pregnancy Loss in Mice.

Pregnancy loss (PL) is one of the common complications that women can experience during pregnancy, with an occurrence rate of 1 to 5%. The potential causes of pregnancy loss are unclear, with no effective treatment modalities being available. It has been previously reported that the level of miR-125b was significantly increased in placentas of PL patients.

Nrf2 activation mediates the protection of mouse Sertoli Cells damage under acute heat stress conditions.

Heat stress is known to negatively impact the reproductive process of livestock, which inevitably leads to a decline in animal fertility. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an inducible transcription factor, which is essential for maintaining redox signal transmission against oxidative stress. However, there is no reliable research on the response mechanism of Sertoli Cells (SCs) against heat stress and the activation of Nrf2 when SCs are exposed to heat stress.

Melatonin relieves heat-induced spermatocyte apoptosis in mouse testes by inhibition of ATF6 and PERK signaling pathways.

Normal spermatogenic processes require the scrotal temperature to be lower than that of the body as excessive heat affects spermatogenesis in the testes, reduces sperm quality and quantity, and even causes infertility. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a crucial factor in many pathologies. Although several studies have linked ERS to heat stress, researchers have not yet determined which ERS signaling pathways contribute to heat-induced testicular damage.

Responses and coping methods of different testicular cell types to heat stress: overview and perspectives.

To facilitate temperature adjustments, the testicles are located outside the body cavity. In most mammals, the temperature of the testes is lower than the body temperature to ensure the normal progression of spermatogenesis. Rising temperatures affect spermatogenesis and eventually lead to a decline in male fertility or even infertility.

Histone demethylase complexes KDM3A and KDM3B cooperate with OCT4/SOX2 to define a pluripotency gene regulatory network.

The pluripotency gene regulatory network of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells(piPSCs), especially in epigenetics, remains elusive. To determine the biological function of epigenetics, we cultured piPSCs in different culture conditions. We found that activation of pluripotent gene- and pluripotency-related pathways requires the erasure of H3K9 methylation modification which was further influenced by mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) served feeder.

Immortalized canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice and dogs.

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells have been used to treat acute kidney injury (AKI). The role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in AKI treatment with canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cADSCs) remains unknown. This study intended to investigate the therapeutic effects of cADSCs cultured in different media on AKI in mice and dogs and reveal the role of ER stress in this process.

Folic acid promotes proliferation and differentiation of porcine pancreatic stem cells into insulin-secreting cells through canonical Wnt and ERK signaling pathway.

Porcine pancreatic stem cells (pPSCs) can be induced to differentiate into insulin-producing cells in vitro and thus serve as a major cells source for β-cell regeneration. However, this application is limited by the weak cell proliferation ability and low insulin induction efficiency. In this study, we explored the role of folic acid in the proliferation of pPSCs and the formation of insulin-secreting cells.

Melatonin alleviates LPS-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in spermatogonial stem cells.

Orchitis is one of the leading causes of male animal infertility and is associated with inflammatory reactions caused by the bacterium. It has been reported that there is a mutual coupling effect between endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inflammatory response. Our studies showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could cause testicular damages, apoptosis, ERS, and inflammatory responses in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs); ERS-related apoptosis proteins were activated and the expression of ERS genes was significantly upregulated; meanwhile, the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and inflammation factors was apparently increased with LPS treatment.

SerpinB1 promotes the proliferation of porcine pancreatic stem cells through the STAT3 signaling pathway.

Porcine pancreatic stem cells (pPSCs) can be induced to insulin-secreting cells and therefore considered the most promising seeding cells for curing human diabetes in future. However, insufficient pPSCs number is one of the bottleneck problems before its clinical application. SerpinB1 is a serine protease inhibitor in neutrophils and can directly promote the proliferation of β cells.