Neutrophils are involved in the development and outcomes of plastic bronchitis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

Background: Previous research has demonstrated a notable increase in neutrophil counts among pediatric patients with plastic bronchitis (PB) associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). However, the role of neutrophils in MPP-associated PB remains largely elusive.

Methods: This is a nested case-control study that enrolled patients diagnosed with MPP who underwent bronchoscopy in our department during the MPP pandemic from September 2023 to January 2024.

Characterization of Neural Network Connectivity and Modularity of Pigeon Nidopallium Caudolaterale During Target Detection.

Accurate target detection in natural environments is an important function of the visual systems of vertebrates and has a direct impact on animal survival and environmental adaptation. Existing studies have shown that the mammalian prefrontal cortex plays an important role in target detection. However, target detection mechanisms in brain regions similar to other species, such as the avian nidopallium caudolaterale, have not been well studied.

Risk association model for atelectasis complication in pneumonia patients following standardized treatment.

Background: pneumonia (MPP) is a common disease of childhood pneumonia, and atelectasis is a serious comorbidity. Traditional diagnostic methods for MPP are limited by low accuracy, emphasizing the need for improved diagnostic approaches. This study aimed to establish a predictive scoring model for early detection of MPP complicated with atelectasis following standardized treatment.

Ziresovir in Hospitalized Infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe illness in infants, with no effective treatment. Results of a phase 2 trial suggested that ziresovir may have efficacy in the treatment of infants hospitalized with RSV infection.

Methods: In a phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted in China, we enrolled participants 1 to 24 months of age who were hospitalized with RSV infection.

Analysis of effect of colonoscopy combined with laparoscopy in the treatment of colorectal tumors.

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common digestive tract tumors.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed early postoperative clinical data of 48 patients with colorectal cancer treated in our hospital between 2015 and 2021, of which 21 underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery, and 27 underwent laparotomy.

Effect of stearoyl-coenzyme a desaturase 1 (SCD1) on the function of mast cells.

The prevalence of childhood asthma and obesity is increasing, while obesity increases the risk and severity of asthma. Lipid metabolism has been considered as an important factor in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated asthma. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the production of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA).

Risk factors for the development of bronchiolitis obliterans in children after suffering from adenovirus pneumonia.

Introduction: Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is an irreversible chronic obstructive lung disease in small airways. The aim of this study was to identify the relevant risk factors for the development of BO in children after suffering from adenovirus (ADV) pneumonia.

Methods: An observational cohort study that included 112 children suffering from ADV pneumonia in our institution from March 2019 to March 2020 was performed.

Integrative study of pulmonary microbiome, transcriptome and clinical outcomes in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the interactions among three core elements of respiratory infection-pathogen, lung microbiome, and host response-and their avocation with the severity and outcomes of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children.

Methods: We prospectively collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a cohort of 41 children with MPP, including general MPP (GMPP) and complicated MPP (CMPP), followed by microbiome and transcriptomic analyses to characterize the association among pathogen, lung microbiome, and host response and correlate it with the clinical features and outcomes.

Results: The lung microbiome of patients with CMPP had an increased relative abundance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and reduced alpha diversity, with 76 differentially expressed species.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of poor outcomes of pneumonia.

Introduction: pneumonia (MPP) may lead to various significant outcomes, such as necrotizing pneumonia(NP) and refractory MPP (RMPP). We investigated the potential of the peripheral blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to predict outcomes in patients with MPP.

Methods And Materials: This was a prospective study of patients with MPP who were admitted to our hospital from 2019 to 2021.

Expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading global cause of respiratory infections and is responsible for about 3 million hospitalizations and more than 100,000 deaths annually in children younger than 5 years, representing a major global healthcare burden. There is a great unmet need for new agents and universal strategies to prevent RSV infections in early life. A multidisciplinary consensus development group comprising experts in epidemiology, infectious diseases, respiratory medicine, and methodology aims to develop the current consensus to address clinical issues of RSV infections in children.

Chest imaging classification in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is associated with its clinical features and outcomes.

Background: The imaging findings of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) vary; however, few studies have focused on the relationship of imaging classification with clinical manifestations and outcomes.

Objective: To prospectively investigate whether chest imaging classification in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is associated with its clinical features and outcomes.

Methods: A total of 1,401 hospitalized children with MPP were enrolled from January 2019 to December 2021.

LncRNA-AK007111 affects airway inflammation in asthma via the regulation of mast cell function.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in gene transcription and pathophysiological processes of human diseases. Multiple lncRNAs have been shown to play important roles in the occurrence and development of asthma. This study aimed to explore the role of a novel lncRNA, lncRNA-AK007111, in asthma.

A nomogram for predicting severe adenovirus pneumonia in children.

Adenoviral pneumonia in children was an epidemic that greatly impacted children's health in China in 2019. Currently, no simple or systematic scale has been introduced for the early identification and diagnosis of adenoviral pneumonia. The early recognition scale of pediatric severe adenovirus pneumonia was established based on an analysis of the children's community-acquired pneumonia clinical cohort.

Toll-Like Receptor 2 Modulates Pulmonary Inflammation and TNF-α Release Mediated by .

Objectives: To investigate the roles that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play in lung inflammation mediated by (MP).

Methods: The changes in TLRs and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in peripheral blood of children with pneumonia (MPP) were monitored, and the interactions of signaling molecules regulating TNF-α release in A549 cells and neutrophils after stimulation were investigated. In TLR2 knockout (TLR2-/-) mice, the levels of TNF-α in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood after mycoplasma infection and the pathological changes in the lung tissue of mice were detected.

Long Non-Coding RNA PACER Regulates -induced Inflammatory Response through Interaction with NF-κB.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of p50-associated cyclooxygenase- (COX-2) extragenic RNA (PACER) on the inflammation of airway epithelium caused by (MP) infection.

Methods: A549 cells and MP strain were cultured respectively. The expressions of PACER, IL-8, TNF-α and COX-2 in MP-infected cells were detected by qRT-PCR, the concentration of IL-8 and TNF-α in the supernatant of the cells were detected by ELISA, and the expression of COX-2 protein in the cells was detected by western-blot.

Environmental and sensitization variations among asthma and/or rhinitis patients between 2008 and 2018 in China.

Background: Little is known about the changes in allergen sensitization in China secondary to the environmental variations over the past decade. We aimed at investigating the variations in sensitization among asthma and/or rhinitis patients in China between 2008 and 2018.

Methods: This study analyzed cross-sectional data from national surveys conducted in China in 2008 and 2018.

Spontaneous formation of neutrophil extracellular traps is associated with autophagy.

Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), via NETosis, as a defense mechanism against pathogens. Neutrophils can release NETs spontaneously; however, the mechanisms underlying spontaneous NETosis remain unclear. Neutrophils isolated from healthy donors were tested for NET formation and autophagy at 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after incubation.

[Retrospective Study of Mite-Specific Subcutaneous Immunotherapy in Children].

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy and influencing factors of children receiving mite-specific subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of children who had received mite SCIT for 3 years at the Desensitization Center of our hospital. We used the daily medication score (DMS) to evaluate the medication use status (the higher the score, the higher the amount of medications given and the less satisfactorily was the primary disease controlled) and we used the visual analogue scale (VAS) to evaluate clinical symptoms (the higher the score, the more severe the symptoms).

Treatment of pediatric mild persistent asthma with low-dose budesonide inhalation suspension vs. montelukast in China.

Background: There are limited studies comparing budesonide inhalation suspension (BIS) with montelukast in real-world settings where treatment adherence and persistency may be suboptimal. This real-world study aims to investigate the control effectiveness of montelukast or BIS as a monotherapy in Chinese children with mild asthma.

Methods: Data were derived from a retrospective questionnaire-based analysis of 2‒14-year-old children with mild persistent asthma, who received either 500 µg of BIS (n = 153) or 4‒5 mg of montelukast (n = 240) once daily.

Increasing Age Affected Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils in Prognosis of Pneumonia.

Purpose: It is well known that age is related to the incidence of pneumonia (MPP), and how age and other factors contribute to MPP remains unclear. In this study, we investigate how age affects the prognosis of MPP.

Patients And Methods: A total number of 1875 hospitalized children with pneumonia were enrolled in this study, including 52 children with refractory pneumonia (RMPP) and 298 children with non-RMPP.

The IgE Blocking Activity Induced by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Subcutaneous Immunotherapy Does Not Correlate with Specific IgA but with IgG4 in both Serum and Saliva.

Background: The role of salivary-specific IgG4 and IgA in subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is not well defined. We aimed to investigate the change of IgG4 and IgA in both serum and saliva and their correlations with IgE-blocking-factor (IgE-BF) during SCIT.

Method: 307 Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) allergic rhinitis and/or asthma patients were recruited for this study.

Mutations in domain V of 23S rRNA and clinical characteristics of pediatric pneumonia in Nanjing, China.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of mutations in domain V of (MP) 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the clinical characteristics of pediatric MP pneumonia (MPP) in Nanjing, China.

Methods: Domain V of 23S rRNA was sequenced in MP strains collected from children diagnosed with MPP in Nanjing. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained.