Neuronal heterogeneity of normalization strength in a circuit model.

The size of a neuron's receptive field increases along the visual hierarchy. Neurons in higher-order visual areas integrate information through a canonical computation called normalization, where neurons respond sublinearly to multiple stimuli in the receptive field. Neurons in the visual cortex exhibit highly heterogeneous degrees of normalization.

Mean-field analysis of synaptic alterations underlying deficient cortical gamma oscillations in schizophrenia.

Deficient gamma oscillations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) are proposed to arise from alterations in the excitatory drive to fast-spiking interneurons (E I) and in the inhibitory drive from these interneurons to excitatory neurons (I E). Consistent with this idea, prior postmortem studies showed lower levels of molecular and structural markers for the strength of E I and I E synapses and also greater variability in E I synaptic strength in PFC of SZ. Moreover, simulating these alterations in a network of quadratic integrate-and-fire (QIF) neurons revealed a synergistic effect of their interactions on reducing gamma power.

Mean-field analysis of synaptic alterations underlying deficient cortical gamma oscillations in schizophrenia.

Deficient gamma oscillations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) are proposed to arise from alterations in the excitatory drive to fast-spiking interneurons and in the inhibitory drive from these interneurons to excitatory neurons . Consistent with this idea, prior postmortem studies showed lower levels of molecular and structural markers for the strength of and synapses and also greater variability in synaptic strength in PFC of SZ. Moreover, simulating these alterations in a network of quadratic integrate-and-fire (QIF) neurons revealed a synergistic effect of their interactions on reducing gamma power.

Molecular dynamics simulation of LiTFSI-acetamide electrolytes: structural properties.

The liquid structures of nonaqueous electrolytes composed of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and acetamide, with LiTFSI/acetamide molar ratios of 1:2, 1:4, and 1:6, were studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations indicate that the Li+ cations prefer to be six-coordinate by the sulfonyl oxygen atoms of the TFSI- anions and the carbonyl oxygen atoms of the acetamide molecules, rather than by the most electronegative nitrogen atom of the TFSI- anion. Therefore, close Li+-TFSI- contact pairs exist in the system.

Hydrogen titanate nanofibers covered with anatase nanocrystals: a delicate structure achieved by the wet chemistry reaction of the titanate nanofibers.

Hydrogen titanate nanofibers synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction, are chemically reactive, readily reacting with dilute acid. This reaction is a topochemical process in which in situ phase transition from H-titanate to anatase takes place and the product retains the fibril morphology. The extent of this reaction can be precisely controlled, allowing us to achieve a delicate composite structure at nanoscale: long titanate fibers of 40-100 nm thick and up to 30 mum long covered with anatase nanocrystals of 10-30 nm.