Nuclear margin irregularity and cancer: a review.

Nuclear margin irregularity is an important diagnostic feature of malignant cells. The exact cause of nuclear margin irregularity is not fully understood. The distortion of the nuclear envelope is probably the major factor in nuclear margin irregularity.

Diagnostic dilemma: diagnostic algorithm in fine needle aspiration cytology of mediastinal tumors.

The mediastinum harbors a mixed bag of tumors, which may create significant diagnostic dilemmas. These tumors have widely variable therapeutic and prognostic implications. Correct pre-operative cytological diagnosis may obviate the need of surgical excision of many of these lesions.

Fractal dimension of cell clusters in effusion cytology.

In this study, the fractal dimension (FD) of the ball-like tight clusters of known metastatic adenocarcinoma cells is compared with the tight cell clusters of the benign cells in the effusion fluid to find out the role of FD in differentiating malignant from benign cluster in effusion. A total of 68 and 72 images of cluster of cells from 12 cases of benign and 13 cases of metastatic pleural and peritoneal effusion were studied for FD. The mean FD of the cluster of cells of benign and malignant effusion was 1.

Micronucleus in atypical urothelial cells.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of micronuclei (MN) in identifying the atypical urothelial cells urinary cytology. This is a retrospective study of a total of 30 cases of urine samples. Of these, 15 cases were selected where the initial diagnosis was atypical urothelial cell and later turned out as malignant cells on follow-up histopathology.

Cervical cytology in patients with postmenopausal bleeding.

In this study, the role of cervical cytology in the diagnosis of post or perimenopausal (PM) bleeding was explored. A total of 135 patients with PM bleeding were selected. In all these cases both conventional cervical cytology and histopathology follow up were available.

Cancer nucleus: morphology and beyond.

There are many significant morphological alterations of a nucleus of cancer cell that are detectable by light microscopy on routine staining. These changes are often associated with deranged cellular functions of cancer cell. It is difficult to understand the exact relationship between nuclear morphology and alteration of nuclear structural organization in cancer.

Micronucleus to distinguish adenocarcinoma from reactive mesothelial cell in effusion fluid.

To evaluate the role of the scoring of micronucleated cell (MNC) to distinguish reactive mesothelial cells from adenocarcinoma cells in effusion fluid. A total of 20 cases of unequivocal metastatic adenocarcinoma and 15 controls with reactive mesothelial cell proliferation in ascetic fluid were selected for scoring of the MNC. The numbers of cells having micronuclei were counted per 1000 of the well-preserved cells in May Grunwald Giemsa stained slides in each case.

Grading of soft tissue sarcomas on fine-needle aspiration cytology smear.

In this present study we have attempted to grade soft tissue sarcomas on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) material and then subsequently correlated our findings on histology section.A total of 44 cases of primary soft tissue sarcomas (STS) were graded and correlated with the subsequent histopathology sections.FNAC successfully diagnosed 40 cases and four cases were reported as benign.

Adenosarcoma of the uterine cervix with heterologous elements: a case report and review of literature.

Introduction: Adenosarcoma of the uterus is a rare tumor composed of benign epithelial and malignant stromal components, usually encountered in young women. Till date, more than 100 cases of mullerian adenosarcoma of the cervix with homologous elements have been reported. However, only 15 cases of mullerian adenosarcoma of the cervix with heterologous elements are reported.

Unilateral multifocal mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall: a case report and review of literature.

We report a case of unilateral multifocal mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall diagnosed on radiologic imaging, which was proven at surgery and histopathology. To the best of our knowledge, only 3 cases of unilateral multifocal mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall have been reported previously in literature in children.

Cell blocks from scraping of cytology smear: comparison with conventional cell block.

Objective: To compare cytomorphology preservation and immunohistochemistry results between conventional cell blocks (CCB) and cytoscrape cell blocks (SCB).

Study Design: Fine needle aspiration (FNAC) was done in 17 consecutive cases. Air-dried smears for May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain and wet-fixed smear for hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) stain were prepared.

Endogenous mycotic endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent patient.

Acute and invasive fungal infections are usually seen in immunocompromised and debilitated patients. We report a young immunocompetent 28-year-old Indian male who presented with unilateral endogenous endophthalmitis in the left eye and was managed with pars plana vitreous surgery. The polymerase chain reaction from the vitrectomy specimen tested positive for the fungal genome while the cytology examination identified aseptate hyphae with wide-angle branching, most likely suggesting Zygomycosis.

Myoepithelial cells: any role in aspiration cytology smears of breast tumors?

Aims And Objective: To study the role of myoepithelial (ME) cells in distinguishing benign, proliferative breast diseases (PBD) and frank malignant breast lesions.

Materials And Methods: In this study, histology proven 71 cases of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of palpable breast lesions were selected. There were 30 invasive carcinomas (24 infiltrating duct carcinoma and 6 infiltrating lobular carcinoma), 25 cases of benign lesion (21 fibroadenomas and 4 fibrocystic lesions) and 11 proliferative breast diseases (other than carcinoma in situ) and five cases of carcinoma in situ.

Prognostic significance of the histomorphometric features of bone marrow trephine biopsies in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.

Objective: To study the correlation of histomorphometric data of bone marrow trephine biopsies at the time of initial diagnosis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients with the patient prognosis.

Study Design: A total of 40 CML patients were divided equally in group I (developed accelerated phase or blast crisis within 18 months of initial diagnosis of chronic phase of CML) and group II (developed accelerated phase or blast crisis > 30 months after initial diagnosis of chronic phase of CML). The clinical, hematologic and histomorphometric data were compared in the 2 groups of CML patients.

Glomerular morphometry in biopsy evaluation of minimal change disease, membranous glomerulonephritis, thin basement membrane disease and Alport's syndrome.

Objective: To assess the role of glomerular morphometry in biopsy evaluation in renal disorders in addition to conventional diagnostic procedures.

Study Design: The study includes 10 cases each of minimal change disease (MCD), idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis (idiopathic MGN), thin basement membrane disease (TBMD) and Alport's syndrome. Renal biopsies for normal study were obtained from age- and sex-matched autopsy cases without any renal disorder, confirmed histologically and ultrastructurally.

Secretory activity in medullary thyroid carcinoma: a cytomorphological and immunocytochemical study.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a relatively rare thyroid malignancy of C-cell origin that secretes calcitonin. Although its varied cytomorphologic features are well described in literature, very little is mentioned about the morphologic manifestation of its secretory activity. This study, based on nine fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples from eight MTC patients, is an attempt to present the varied cytomorphologic features suggesting secretory activity in MTC as observed in Papanicolaou and MGG stained FNA smears and correlate them with the immunocytochemical (ICC) staining for calcitonin performed on FNA smears and the serum calcitonin values.

Time for evidence-based cytology.

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a fashionable and an extremely hot topic for clinicians, patients and the health service planners. Evidence-based cytology (EBC) is an offshoot of EBM. The EBC is concerned with generating a reproducible, high quality and clinically relevant test result in the field of cytology.