Foretelling the Flex-Vertebral Shape Predicts Behavior and Ecology of Fishes.

Unlabelled: We modeled swimming kinematics and body mechanics of several fish species of varying habitat and body shape based on measurements of internal vertebral morphology.

Synopsis: One key evolutionary innovation that separates vertebrates from invertebrates is the notochord, a central element that provides the stiffness needed for powerful movements. Later, the notochord was further stiffened by the vertebrae, cartilaginous, and bony elements, surrounding the notochord.