Using the Polymorphisms Rs12041331 and Rs2768759 as Potential Predictive Markers of 90-Day Bleeding Events in the Context of Minor Strokes and Transient Ischemic Attack.

In this study, we explored the relationship between the platelet endothelial aggregation receptor 1 () polymorphisms, platelet reactivity, and clinical outcomes in patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Randomized controlled trial subgroups were assessed, wherein patients received dual antiplatelet therapy for at least 21 days. Platelet reactivity was measured at different time intervals.

Metabolic engineering of the phenylpropanoid pathway enhances the antioxidant capacity of Saussurea involucrata.

The rare wild species of snow lotus Saussurea involucrata is a commonly used medicinal herb with great pharmacological value for human health, resulting from its uniquely high level of phenylpropanoid compound production. To gain information on the phenylpropanid biosynthetic pathway genes in this critically important medicinal plant, global transcriptome sequencing was performed. It revealed that the phenylpropanoid pathway genes were well represented in S.

[Cloning, expression and charaterization of chalcone synthase from Saussurea medusa].

A fragment of chalcone synthase gene (SmCHS) was cloned from the cDNA library constructed in Saussurea medusa. The full-length cDNA sequence of SmCHS was obtained by RT-PCR. Sequence analysis showed that the full length of SmCHS was 1313 bp, containing an open reading frame (1170 bp) encoding 389 amino acids.

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) gene in Saussurea medusa.

Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), which catalyzes the reduction of dihydroflavonols to leucoanthocyanins, is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of anthocyanidins, proanthocyanidins, and other flavonoids of importance in plant development and human nutrition. This study isolated a full length cDNA encoding DFR, designated as SmDFR (GenBank Accession No. EF600682), by screening a cDNA library from a red callus line of Saussurea medusa, which is an endangered, traditional Chinese medicinal plant with high pharmacological value.

[Effects of phytohormones on plant regeneration and production of flavonoids in transgenic Saussurea involucrata hairy roots].

We investigated the plant regeneration and production of flavonoids in three high-yield flavonoids transgenic Saussurea involucrata hairy roots C17, C27 and C46 by quantification of two phytohormones GA3 and IAA. The results showed that GA3 concentration at more than 1.0 mg/L could induce adventitious shoots in the hairy root lines.

Quality evaluation of snow lotus (Saussurea): quantitative chemical analysis and antioxidant activity assessment.

Snow lotus is commonly used as a medicinal plant and has great pharmacological value. To protect these endangered plants, in vitro propagation and cell cultures have been established in order to meet the growing market demand. The phenolic composition, antioxidant activities, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) from three most commonly used species, in vitro propagated lines and the cell cultures were investigated to qualify their pharmacological value.

Cloning and expression analysis of a hsp70 gene from Saussurea medusa.

Members of the 70 kD heat-shock gene family are highly conserved across a wide range of organisms. In an effort to learn more about the evolution and possible functions of extreme environment plant Saussurea medusa Maxim hsp70, we isolated a cDNA clone encoding a putative cytosolic member (Smhsp70) of this family of proteins from a cDNA library of S. medusa cell cultures.

Methyl jasmonate stimulates jaceosidin and hispidulin production in cell cultures of Saussurea medusa.

Cell cultures of Saussurea medusa produce valuable secondary metabolites, and jaceosidin and hispidulin are the major bioactive compounds. In the present study, the cultures were challenged by methyl jasmonate (MJ). The highest jaceosidin and hispidulin concentrations (65.

Salicylic acid enhances Jaceosidin and Syringin production in cell cultures of Saussurea medusa.

Addition of 20 muM salicylic acid to Saussurea medusa cell cultures at day 6 resulted in jaceosidin and syringin productions up to 95 mg l(-1 )and 631 mg l(-1) which were, respectively, about 2.5- and 2.7-fold higher than in the control.

Overexpression of the Saussurea medusa chalcone isomerase gene in S. involucrata hairy root cultures enhances their biosynthesis of apigenin.

Saussurea involucrata is a medicinal plant well known for its flavonoids, including apigenin, which has been shown to significantly inhibit tumorigenesis. Since naturally occurring apigenin is in very low abundance, we took a transgenic approach to increase apigenin production by engineering the flavonoid pathway. A construct was made to contain the complete cDNA sequence of the Saussurea medusa chalcone isomerase (CHI) gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter.

Cloning and characterization of a flavanone 3-hydroxylase gene from Saussurea medusa.

Flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) is a key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, providing a branching point for the biosynthesis of different flavonoids, including the formation of 3-deoxy and 3-hydroxy flavonoids found in the silks of maize. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a F3H gene (Smf3h) from a cDNA library derived from a red line callus of Saussurea medusa, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. The cDNA contains a 1032 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 343 amino acid residues, a 149 bp long 5'untranslated regions (UTR) and a 163 bp long 3'UTR containing three putative polyadenylation signals (AATAAA) and an ATTTA element.

A comparison between hairy root cultures and wild plants of Saussurea involucrata in phenylpropanoids production.

Saussurea involucrata is an important medicinal plant that produces a few bioactive secondary metabolites, such as hispidulin, rutin, and syringin. Previously, we established a hairy root culture system for this species through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The present study addressed the issue as how hairy root cultures perform in phenylpronoid accumulation.

[Effects of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid on phenylethanoid glycosides synthesis in suspension cultures of Cistanche deserticola].

The present study investigated the influence of the methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid elicitors on the formation of phenylethanoid glycosides (PeG) in the suspension cultures of Cistanche deserticola. The results showed that methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid enhanced greatly the accumulation of PeG and echinacoside (Echin), but their optimum elicitation dosage and addition time were different. The yields of PeG and Echin were significantly increased in the presence of 5 micromol/L methyl jasmonate on day 14 (up to 2.

[Effects of physical and chemical factors on hairy root growth and flavonoids biosynthesis in the cultures of Saussurea medusa Maxim hairy root].

The effects of different physical and chemical factors on hairy root growth and flavonoids production were studied in suspension culture of Saussurea medusa hairy root in 1/2 MS medium. The results showed that the following culture conditions, nitrogen concentratiaon (involved NH4+ and NO3-), 30 mmol/L; the ratio of ammonium to nitrate, 5:25; the combination of 2% sucrose and 3% glucose; 0.5 mg/L GA3; 0.

[Establishment of Saussurea involucrata hairy roots culture and plantlet regeneration].

Hairy root clones of Saussurea involucrata transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains R1601, R1000, and LBA9402 were established to investigate the flavonoid production. Opine synthesis and PCR analysis confirmed the integration of the T-DNA fragment of Ri plasmid from A. rhizogenes strain R1601 into the transformed root genome.

[Cloning and sequence analysis of MYB transcriptional regulator SmP gene of Saussurea medusa Maxim].

A full-length cDNA encoding a MYB-related regulatory gene was isolated from a cDNA library prepared from mRNAs of the red line callus of S. medusa by TD-PCR. The cDNA, designated SmP, is 969 nucleotides long and has an open reading frame of 771 bp with a deduced amino acid sequence of 256 residues.

Cellular aggregate size as the critical factor for flavonoid production by suspension cultures of Saussurea medusa.

Three previously established cell lines (yellow, red and white) of Saussurea medusa were investigated for jaceosidin and hispidulin production. Maximum yields of the jaceosidin and hispidulin were obtained in the red cell line at 75+/-0.41 and 6.

[SSS method for screening cDNA library].

A quick and simple method subsection screening (SSS) method for screening cDNA library by PCR was established. With this method, cDNA phage plate was cut into several blocks and a couple of primers was designed according to target gene. And then the target genes were obtained by screening cDNA library.

Cloning of CYP9G2 from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae).

Cytochrome P450s constitute a superfamily of hemoproteins, important in the metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. The full-length cDNA of a novel cytochrome P450, CYP9G2, was isolated from a cDNA library. The cDNA is 2143 bp in length and contains an open reading frame from 50 to 1615 bp, encoding a protein of 521 amino acid residues.

Transformation of Saussurea medusa for hairy roots and jaceosidin production.

Axenically grown Saussurea medusa plantlets were inoculated with four Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains, and hairy root lines were established with A. rhizogenes strain R1601 in N6 medium. PCR and Southern hybridization confirmed integration of the T-DNA fragment of the Ri plasmid from A.