Evaluation of a Postbiotic on Salmonella enterica Prevalence, Serotype Diversity, and Antimicrobial Resistance in the Subiliac Lymph Nodes of Cull Dairy Cattle.

This study aimed to determine whether the farm-level use of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based postbiotic was associated with Salmonella prevalence and concentration, serotype diversity, and antimicrobial resistance in the subiliac lymph nodes (LN) of cull dairy cows. In collaboration with two commercial processing plants in the Southwestern (SW) and Northeastern (NE) regions of the U.S.

Comprehensive Outcomes Affected by Antimicrobial Metaphylaxis of Feedlot Calves at Medium-Risk for Bovine Respiratory Disease from a Randomized Controlled Trial.

The objectives were to evaluate the effects of metaphylaxis (META) and pull-and-treat (PT) programs on health, antimicrobial use, beef production, economics, and greenhouse gas emissions in cattle at medium risk for bovine respiratory disease (BRD). A randomized complete block design was used at two US commercial feedlots. Steers and heifers [2366 total; 261 (±11.

The application, value, and impact of outcomes research in animal health and veterinary medicine.

Outcomes research is a relatively recent field of study in animal health and veterinary medicine despite being well-established in human medicine. As the field of animal health is broad-ranging in terms of animal species, objectives, research methodologies, design, analysis, values, and outcomes, there is inherent versatility in the application and impact of the discipline of outcomes research to a variety of stakeholders. The major themes of outcomes relevant to the animal health industry have been distilled down to include, but are not limited to, health, production, economics, and marketing.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature on prevalence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) and virulence genes in feces, hides, and carcasses of pre- and peri-harvest cattle worldwide.

Objective: The objective of this study was to summarize peer-reviewed literature on the prevalence and concentration of non-O157 STEC (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) serogroups and virulence genes ( and ) in fecal, hide, and carcass samples in pre- and peri-harvest cattle worldwide, using a systematic review of the literature and meta-analyses.

Data Synthesis: Seventy articles were eligible for meta-analysis inclusion; data from 65 articles were subjected to random-effects meta-analysis models to yield fecal prevalence estimates. Meta-regression models were built to explore variables contributing to the between-study heterogeneity.

Effectiveness of a Direct-Fed Microbial Product Containing and in Reducing Fecal Shedding of O157:H7 in Commercial Feedlot Cattle.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a direct-fed microbial (DFM) product in reducing fecal shedding of O157:H7 in finishing commercial feedlot cattle in Kansas (KS) and Nebraska (NE). Utilizing a randomized complete block design within the feedlot (KS,  = 1; NE,  = 1), cattle were randomly allocated to 20 pens, grouped in blocks of two based on allocation date, and then, within the block, randomly assigned to a treatment group (DFM or negative control). The DFM product was included in the diet at a targeted daily dose of 1 × 10 colony-forming units (CFU) of the and combination per animal for at least 60 d before sampling.

A complete cross-over design evaluating canine acceptance of Carprieve® and Rimadyl® carprofen chewable tablets in healthy dogs.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) affects nearly 20% of all dogs greater than one year of age. Clinical signs include pain, discomfort, lameness, and ultimately lead to disability. Although there is currently no known cure, there are many therapeutic options that can slow the progression and alleviate the associated signs.

Wilse Bernard (Bernie) Webb (1920-2018).

Presents an obituary of Wilse Bernard (Bernie) Webb (1920-2018). Webb was an effective researcher and administrator but also an overall colorful personality. His evolving research career was highlighted by work on learning mechanisms and studies of aircraft accidents.

Feedlot- and Pen-Level Prevalence of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Feces of Commercial Feedlot Cattle in Two Major U.S. Cattle Feeding Areas.

The objective of this study was to determine feedlot- and pen-level fecal prevalence of seven enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) belonging to serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157, or EHEC-7) in feces of feedlot cattle in two feeding areas in the United States. Cattle pens from four commercial feedlots in each of the two major U.S.

A Comparison of Culture- and PCR-Based Methods to Detect Six Major Non-O157 Serogroups of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Cattle Feces.

Culture-based methods to detect the six major non-O157 (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145) Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are not well established. Our objectives of this study were to develop a culture-based method to detect the six non-O157 serogroups in cattle feces and compare the detection with a PCR method.

Summer and Winter Prevalence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157 in Feces of Feedlot Cattle.

The United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service has declared seven Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157) as adulterants in raw, nonintact beef products. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of these seven serogroups and the associated virulence genes (Shiga toxin [stx1, stx2], and intimin [eae]) in cattle feces during summer (June-August 2013) and winter (January-March 2014) months. Twenty-four pen floor fecal samples were collected from each of 24 cattle pens, in both summer and winter months, at a commercial feedlot in the United States.

The History of Psychology Newsletter, 1969-1997: History and index.

During 1968-1997, Division 26 of the American Psychological Association, now the Society for the History of Psychology, and its predecessor, the History of Psychology Group, published a series of some 101 newsletters. These are a form of gray literature unfamiliar to some historians of psychology. I provide both an overview of the newsletters and their history and some highlights of the 153 substantive articles appearing in the newsletter through its run.

How well do ITS rDNA sequences differentiate species of true morels (Morchella)?

Arguably more mycophiles hunt true morels (Morchella) during their brief fruiting season each spring in the northern hemisphere than any other wild edible fungus. Concerns about overharvesting by individual collectors and commercial enterprises make it essential that science-based management practices and conservation policies are developed to ensure the sustainability of commercial harvests and to protect and preserve morel species diversity. Therefore, the primary objectives of the present study were to: (i) investigate the utility of the ITS rDNA locus for identifying Morchella species, using phylogenetic species previously inferred from multilocus DNA sequence data as a reference; and (ii) clarify insufficiently identified sequences and determine whether the named sequences in GenBank were identified correctly.

Taxonomic revision of true morels (Morchella) in Canada and the United States.

Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed the existence of at least 50 species of Morchella worldwide and demonstrated a high degree of continental endemism within the genus. Here we describe 19 phylogenetic species of Morchella from North America, 14 of which are new (M. diminutiva, M.

A history of the behavior program at the Jackson laboratory: an overview.

The behavior program at the Jackson laboratory in Bar Harbor, ME, flourished from 1945 through the late 1960s and was unique in the history of comparative psychology. The canine project was conducted on ~300 dogs of five purebred breeds reared under controlled conditions and tested on a predetermined schedule. This enabled a detailed study of genetic and environmental effects and their interaction as well as a variety of other problems in midsized mammals.

Samuel Fernberger's rejected doctoral dissertation: a neglected resource for the history of ape research in America.

I summarize a never-completed 1911 doctoral dissertation on ape behavior by Samuel Fernberger of the University of Pennsylvania. Included are observations on many behavioral patterns including sensory and perceptual function, learning, memory, attention, imagination, personality, and emotion in an orangutan and two chimpanzees. There are examples of behavior resembling insight, conscience, tool use and imitation.

Charles Darwin and psychology at the bicentennial and sesquicentennial: an introduction.

This article provides an introduction to the special issue on Darwin and psychology at the bicentennial of his birth and the sesquicentennial of his publication of On the Origin of Species. His core contributions, as viewed today, were his theory of natural selection, his naturalistic philosophy, and his mass of evidence for evolutionary change. A brief summary of Darwin's life is also presented.

Origins of behavior genetics: the role of the Jackson laboratory.

The field of behavior genetics as an entity developed during the middle of the twentieth century. Developments at the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine played an important role in this process. The role included an important conference, education and training, research, and publications, included Thompson and Fuller's (1960) Behavior Genetics, the book that is often credited with establishing the field.

The Lashley Award.

The Karl Spencer Lashley Award for Distinguished Achievement in the Neurosciences has been bestowed upon 50 of the world's leading neuroscientists of the last half century but is not well known. It originated in 1953 when Lashley accumulated excess stock holdings and established a Fund for Neurobiology with 52,000 dollars to provide small grants for neurobiological research. Several years later the assets were transferred to the American Philosophical Society to administer and convert to an award for achievement in neurobiology The nature, amount, and format of the award have evolved ever since.

The darwin-bateman paradigm in historical context.

I introduce the term "Darwin-Bateman Paradigm" to include several proposals stemming from the writings of Charles Darwin and A. J. Bateman, including the notions that (a) male reproductive success is more variable than that of females, (b) males gain more in reproductive success from repeated matings than do females, and (c) males are generally eager to mate and relatively indiscriminate whereas females are more discriminating and less eager.

The 1973 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine: recognition for behavioral science?

The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for 1973 was awarded to 3 ethologists: Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, and Nikolaas Tinbergen. This was a landmark event in the history of the field of ethology and potentially for the behavioral sciences more broadly. For the first time, the prize was awarded for research of a purely behavioral nature.

Conflicting approaches: operant psychology arrives at a primate laboratory.

During a brief period, from 1955 to 1957, behavior analysts, primarily Charles Ferster, Roger Kelleher, and John Falk, conducted research on chimpanzees at the Yerkes Laboratories of Primate Biology in Orange Park, Florida. This was a time of conflict between operant conditioners and more traditional experimental psychologists at the national level, and there was a similar conflict at the local level in Orange Park. The principal overt issues concerned the use of deprivation procedures, the apparatus utilized, and the naming of animals, although more fundamental differences probably set the occasion for the disputes.

The conference on reproductive behavior: a history.

The Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology was, in part, an outgrowth of the Conference on Reproductive Behavior, which was, in turn, an outgrowth of the West Coast Sex Meetings. In this article I trace the history of these organizations. The West Coast meetings provided an opportunity for free and informal exchange among west coast researchers studying sexual behavior.

Constructing representations of Karl Spencer Lashley.

I compare, contrast, and analyze two published constructions, a straightforward approach and a social constructivist perspective, of the life and work of psychobiologist Karl S. Lashley (1890-1958). Although it is clear at a general level that scientific endeavors are affected by extrascientific factors, particular concern is directed at the issues involved in demonstrating that the scientific work of an individual, in this case Lashley, is affected by specific extrascientific influences.