Variations in the management of pediatric cerebral vasospasm.

Objective: Pediatric cerebral vasospasm (PCV) is associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), but aSAH is uncommon in children. No universal guidelines exist for PCV management. The authors sought to assess variations in practice patterns in pediatric aSAH and PCV management.

2024 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces.

This is the eighth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations; a more comprehensive review was done in 2020. This latest summary addresses the most recent published resuscitation evidence reviewed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force science experts. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations.

Aberrant salience signaling in auditory processing in schizophrenia: Evidence for abnormalities in both sensory processing and emotional reactivity.

It has been long known that people with schizophrenia (SZ) have deficits in perceptual processing, including in the auditory domain. Furthermore, they often experience increased emotional responsivity and dysregulation, which further impacts overall functioning. Increased emotional responsivity to auditory stimuli is also seen in people with misophonia, a condition in which specific sounds elicit robust negative emotional responses.

The effect of live-performed music therapy with physical contact in preterm infants on parental perceived stress and salivary cortisol levels.

Introduction: Parents of preterm infants face a stressful life event which might have long term impact on the parent-child relation as well as on the infant's cognitive and socio-emotional development. Both music therapy (MT) and physical contact (PC) are stress-reducing interventions for parents and preterm infants on the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Meanwhile, especially close PC is considered as standard care (SC) in most NICUs.

AVaTER: Fusing Audio, Visual, and Textual Modalities Using Cross-Modal Attention for Emotion Recognition.

Multimodal emotion classification (MEC) involves analyzing and identifying human emotions by integrating data from multiple sources, such as audio, video, and text. This approach leverages the complementary strengths of each modality to enhance the accuracy and robustness of emotion recognition systems. However, one significant challenge is effectively integrating these diverse data sources, each with unique characteristics and levels of noise.

A Simple MRI Score Predicts Pathological General Movements in Very Preterm Infants with Brain Injury-Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background/objectives: Very preterm infants are at increased risk of brain injury and impaired brain development. The Total Abnormality Score and biometric parameters, such as biparietal width, interhemispheric distance and transcerebellar diameter, are simple measures to evaluate brain injury, development and growth using cerebral magnetic resonance imaging data at term-equivalent age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the Total Abnormality Score and biometric parameters with general movements in very preterm infants with brain injury.

identification and functional characterization of common genes associated with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension are global public health concerns and major metabolic disorders in humans. Experimental evidence indicates considerable hereditary influences on the etiology of T2D and hypertension, but the molecular basis of these diseases is still limited. Thus, the current study analyzed 185 (132 T2D and 53 hypertension) GWAS catalog datasets and identified 83 common genes linked to T2D and hypertension pathogenesis.

Role of neurosurgeons In strengthening paediatric neuro-oncology In low- and middle-income countries: a narrative review with case examples.

Paediatric neuro-oncology in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) accounts for a significant proportion of cancer-related mortalities in this age group. The current dearth of structured paediatric neurosurgery training programmes in LMICs requires multidisciplinary coordination; neurosurgeons play certain key roles, as discussed in this article, in ensuring safe and effective care for paediatric neuro-oncology patients. This document intends to elaborate through illustrative cases of the technical and structural nuances required by neurosurgeons in LMICs to provide appropriate surgical care.

Global neuro-oncology: what lies ahead for low- and middle-income countries?

Over the past few decades, the global healthcare community has achieved remarkable success in controlling many communicable diseases across various regions. However, non-communicable diseases now constitute a significant portion of disease morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Among these, cancer, in particular, is witnessing a notable increase in incidence in many LMICs.

An Overview of Global Neurosurgery.

Until recently, surgery had been passed over in the domain of global health, historically being described as "the neglected stepchild of global health." Knowledge of the existing global disparities in neurosurgical care has led to neurosurgery capacity-building efforts especially in low-income and middle-income countries. While many global collaborative projects are currently undertaken with philanthropic support, sustainability and scalability are not likely without governmental adoption of neurosurgery-inclusive national surgical plans.

Sustainability of a PICU Situation Awareness Intervention: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: We aimed to investigate facilitators and barriers that impact the sustainability of an interprofessional situation awareness bundle.

Methods: This is a single-center qualitative study at a tertiary care pediatric center examining the sustainability of an interprofessional situation awareness bundle to reduce in-hospital cardiac arrests. The bundle includes an automated clinical decision support tool, twice-daily safety huddles, and a bedside mitigation plan.

Achieving Equity Through Global Neurosurgery Research.

Since the release of the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery report in 2015, there has been an increase in the number of published papers on global neurosurgery, gaining widespread support from major neurosurgery journals. However, there remains no consensus on what may be considered part of global neurosurgery literature. Here, we propose that global neurosurgery research encompasses all scholarly work that measure, explore, or address inequity in the care of neurosurgical disease.

The optimal surface for delivery of CPR: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To determine the effect of CPR delivery surface (e.g. firm mattress, floor, backboard) on patient outcomes and CPR delivery.

SNO-EANO-EURACAN consensus on management of pineal parenchymal tumors.

Pineal parenchymal tumors are rare neoplasms for which evidence-based treatment recommendations are lacking. These tumors vary in biology, clinical characteristics, and prognosis, requiring treatment that ranges from surgical resection alone to intensive multimodal antineoplastic therapy. Recently, international collaborative studies have shed light on the genomic landscape of these tumors, leading to refinement in molecular-based disease classification in the 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system.

Moving towards food security in South Asian region: Assessing the role of agricultural trade openness, production and employment.

Despite several accomplishments in addressing malnutrition, the issue of food scarcity remains a persistent concern all over the globe, particularly in the South Asian region. One recommended solution to address this situation involves advocating for further liberalization of global food trading and opening employment opportunities. In this context, using panel data spanning 2000-2019, this study makes a novel attempt to quantify the impact of agricultural trade openness and agricultural employment on food security in countries belonging to the South Asian region while controlling the tariff and agricultural production.

Application of 4D printing in dentistry: A narrative review.

4D printing is an innovative digital manufacturing technology that originated by adding a fourth dimension, i.e., time, to pre-existing 3D technology or additive manufacturing (AM).

The effect of live music therapy on white matter microstructure in very preterm infants - A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Music therapy (MT) is proposed to enrich the acoustic environment of very preterm infants (VPT) on the neonatal intensive care unit during a vulnerable period of brain development. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of MT on the white matter (WM) microstructure. It is hypothesized that MT affects WM integrity in VPT.

Treatment of hydrocephalus following fetal repair of myelomeningocele: comparing endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization to ventricular shunting.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare clinical and craniometric outcomes of patients treated for hydrocephalus following fetal myelomeningocele repair (fMMR) via a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) or endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of children who were treated for hydrocephalus following fMMR via VPS or ETV with or without CPC (ETV ± CPC) at Vanderbilt between 2012 and 2021. The primary outcomes were treatment failure and time to failure (TTF).

Sub-Saharan African experience of neurosurgical oncology care: challenges and barriers encountered at 7 cancer treatment centers.

Objective: Wide disparities in neurosurgical oncology care and treatment outcomes exist globally despite recent improvements in diagnostics and cancer therapy. To better understand the challenges to neurosurgical oncology care in low-resource settings, the authors collected data on national neurosurgical capacity and hospital diagnostic and treatment capacity across 7 national referral hospitals in 7 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods: In April 2023, a 42-item self-administered questionnaire was distributed to partner neurosurgeons at the 7 centers via REDCap to provide country- and hospital-level capacity data on neurosurgical oncology care.

A systematic review on EEG-based neuromarketing: recent trends and analyzing techniques.

Neuromarketing is an emerging research field that aims to understand consumers' decision-making processes when choosing which product to buy. This information is highly sought after by businesses looking to improve their marketing strategies by understanding what leaves a positive or negative impression on consumers. It has the potential to revolutionize the marketing industry by enabling companies to offer engaging experiences, create more effective advertisements, avoid the wrong marketing strategies, and ultimately save millions of dollars for businesses.

Internet addiction among school adolescents in Jeddah-Saudi Arabia.

Background: Internet addiction is increasing among adolescents worldwide. There is a lack of research assessing internet addiction and factors contributing to it among adolescents in Jeddah city. The current study aimed to assess the rate of internet addiction among adolescents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and the potential factors associated with it.

Understanding diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumors.

Intoduction: Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumors (DLGNTs) pose a rare and challenging entity within pediatric central nervous system neoplasms. Despite their rarity, DLGNTs exhibit complex clinical presentations and unique molecular characteristics, necessitating a deeper understanding of their diagnostic and therapeutic nuances.

Methods: This review synthesizes contemporary literature on DLGNT, encompassing epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathological features, treatment strategies, prognostic markers, and future research directions.

Postcardiac Arrest Care Delivery in Pediatric Intensive Care Units: A Plan and Call to Action.

Background: Despite national pediatric postcardiac arrest care (PCAC) guidelines to improve neurological outcomes and survival, there are limited studies describing PCAC delivery in pediatric institutions. This study aimed to describe PCAC delivery in centers belonging to a resuscitation quality collaborative.

Methods: An institutional review board-approved REDCap survey was distributed electronically to the lead resuscitation investigator at each institution in the international Pediatric Resuscitation Quality Improvement Collaborative.