Effect of rigor temperature on muscle shortening and tenderisation of restrained and unrestrained beef m. longissimus thoracicus et lumborum.

Pairs of muscularis longissimus thoracicus et lumborum (LTL) from young bulls were removed within 1h of slaughter. Small portions of the muscles were placed in a rigormeter to continously follow the isometric tension and isotonic shortening developed, at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C, as the muscle went into rigor. The bulk LTL was placed in water baths at the same temperature.

The influence of acute smoking on leucocytes, platelets and the endothelium.

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Possible mechanisms for this include leucocytes and platelet activation, and/or damage to the endothelium, any of which may contribute to changes in thrombosis and haemostasis. We examined the acute effects of smoking on these systems by obtaining blood before, immediately after, and at 10 and 30 min after the rapid smoking of two cigarettes in sequence by 20 smokers.

Soluble adhesion molecules, endothelial markers and atherosclerosis risk factors in abdominal aortic aneurysm: a comparison with claudicants and healthy controls.

Development of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) may be a product of generalised atherosclerosis. If that is indeed the case, we would expect similarities in various risk factors and other markers in common with occlusive peripheral arterial disease (peripheral arterial disease), and less congruity with healthy controls. To test this hypothesis, we recorded the major risk factors for atherosclerosis, two markers of endothelial dysfunction, and soluble adhesion molecules in 21 patients with an uncomplicated AAA free of symptomatic peripheral arterial disease, 42 patients with peripheral arterial disease, and 42 healthy controls who were matched, as a group, for age and sex.

Changes in lactic acid levels during thawing of lamb chops.

Loins from 20 lambs with an ultimate pH ranging from 5.5 to 6.4 were frozen and stored at -20 °C, then thawed at + 3 °C.

The effects of non-vacuum packaging systems on drip loss from chilled beef.

This study investigated drip loss in chilled beef (hot-boned m. longissimus lumborum (LL)) under conventional packaging systems, in which a vacuum is applied, and non-vacuum packaging systems. The use of vacuum during the packaging process (vacuum packaging, CO(2) atmosphere packaging) was associated with increased drip.

Measurement of nitric oxide and the effect of enhancing or inhibiting it on tenderness changes of meat.

Possible roles of the cellular messenger nitric oxide (NO) in post-mortem meat ageing were investigated in bull m. longissimus lumborum. Both enhancement and inhibition of NO activity had positive and negative effects, respectively, on early rates of ageing.

Attenuation of IL-5-mediated signal transduction, eosinophil survival, and inflammatory mediator release by a soluble human IL-5 receptor.

A soluble form of the human IL-5R alpha-chain (IL-5Ra) that contains the extracellular IL-5 binding domain has been evaluated for its effect on IL-5 binding to and activation of human eosinophils and basophils. The truncated receptor was expressed in Escherichia coli and recovered in biologically active form following renaturation and anion exchange chromatography. The soluble receptor formed a 1/1 complex with IL-5 in solution and bound IL-5 with affinity comparable to that of cell-associated IL-5Ra.

Proposal: trauma as the cause of the Peyronie's lesion.

Purpose: We define the cause of the occurrence of Peyronie's disease.

Materials And Methods: Clinical evaluation of a large number of patients with Peyronie's disease, while taking into account the pathological and biochemical findings of the penis in patients who have been treated by surgery, has led to an understanding of the relationship of the anatomical structure of the penis to its rigidity during erection, and how the effect of the stress imposed upon those structures during intercourse is modified by the loss of compliance resulting from aging of the collagen composing those structures. Peyronie's disease occurs most frequently in middle-aged men, less frequently in older men and infrequently in younger men who have more elastic tissues.

International Conference on Peyronie's disease advances in basic and clinical research. March 17-19, 1993. Introduction.

The articles in this section of the Journal support the theory that the lesion of Peyronie's disease is a scar that has developed following trauma to the erect penis in a susceptible individual. The scar involves only the tunica albuginea and does not extend into the erectile tissue. Factors related to the formulation of this scar, discussed on a biochemical and cellular level, are elucidated in the following papers.

A peptide isolated by phage display binds to ICAM-1 and inhibits binding to LFA-1.

A mixed phage library containing random peptides from four to eight residues in length flanked by cysteine residues was screened using a recombinant soluble, form of human ICAM-1, which included residues 1-453, (ICAM-1(1-453)). Phage bound to immobilized ICAM-1(1-453) were eluted by three methods: (1) soluble ICAM-1(1-453), (2) neutralizing murine monoclonal antibody, (anti-ICAM-1, M174F5B7), (3) acidic conditions. After three rounds of binding and elution, a single, unique ICAM-1 binding phage bearing the peptide EWCEYLGGYLRCYA was isolated; the identical phage was selected with each method of elution.

Social behaviour in sheep relates to behaviour and neurotransmitter responses to nociceptive stimuli.

Sheep in the field display differences in social behaviour. These differences allow a division into three social groups with distinct behavioural occurrences and frequencies. The behavioural and neurotransmission responses of each of these groups to aversive stimuli were compared.

Analysis of novel streptavidin-binding peptides, identified using a phage display library, shows that amino acids external to a perfectly conserved consensus sequence and to the presented peptides contribute to binding.

Streptavidin-binding peptides containing the consensus amino acid sequence motif EPDW were identified using a phage display library. Phage presenting peptides containing these sequences bound streptavidin in a biotin-sensitive fashion and could be eluted with biotin. The previously identified 'streptag' peptide sequence (AWRHPQGG) competed with phage presenting the EPDW consensus sequence for streptavidin binding.

Children's attitudes and behavioral intentions toward a peer with Tourette syndrome.

Examined children's ratings of attitudes and behavioral intentions toward a boy presented, on videotape, with or without symptoms of Tourette syndrome (TS). Effects of information about TS on these ratings were investigated as well as the influence of gender and grade. Children in Grades 3 and 5 were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: No TS, TS, or TS/information.

Relationship of social roles and nutrition beliefs to fat avoidance practices: investigation of a US model among Danish women.

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the associations among women's social roles, their nutrition beliefs, and their dietary fat avoidance practices. Role theory and prior qualitative research among US women provided the theoretical framework.

Design/subjects: A random-sample mail survey (76% response) was used to gather information on the usual pattern of dietary fat use, nutrition beliefs, and social positions of Danish women aged 30 to 60 years.

Changes in the release of amino acid neurotransmitters in the brains of calves and sheep after head-only electrical stunning and throat cutting.

In calves aged two to five months, throat cutting resulted in an increase in the concentration of the amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate in the brain. Electrical head-only stunning by itself also increased the concentrations of these two neurotransmitters. The levels induced by stunning resulted in a seizure state characterised by epileptiform-like activity in the electroencephalograph.

Effect of meat ultimate pH on rate of titin and nebulin degradation.

The processes involved in the tenderisation of meat were studied on muscles with a range of ultimate pH values (5.4-7.0), produced by subcutaneous injection of various doses of adrenaline and exercise.

Utilization of multiple phage display libraries for the identification of dissimilar peptide motifs that bind to a B7-1 monoclonal antibody.

Seven random peptide libraries (two displaying linear peptides and five displaying cysteine-constrained peptides) were constructed as gene III fusion proteins of the bacteriophage fd-tet. These libraries were used to screen a blocking monoclonal antibody raised against B7-1 (CD80), a human cell surface antigen that binds two T cell receptors, CD28 and CTLA-4. After three rounds of screening against the immobilized antibody, 1000-fold enrichment was observed in libraries displaying both linear and cysteine-constrained peptides.

Principles in repair of hypospadias.

Hypospadias, a common congenital deformity, is the result of incomplete formation of the urethra during the 10th- to 14th weeks of gestational life. Surgery to repair the foreshortened urethra and penile curvature in hypospadias has a history of more than 150 years. To date, more than 300 surgical procedures with accompanying variations have been proposed for the repair of hypospadias.

The effects of the ultimate pH of meat on tenderness changes during ageing.

A range of ultimate pH (pH(u)) values, from 5.4 to 7.2, was produced in the m.

The effect of electrical head-only stun duration on electroencephalographic-measured seizure and brain amino acid neurotransmitter release.

Effective electrical head-only stunning produces a seizure-like state followed by a period of analgesia seen in animals allowed to recover. Passing of a 1·0 A current (50 Hz, 500 V) for less than 0·2 s, through the head of a sheep does not produce a seizure-like state as evidenced by recorded electroencephalogram. Corresponding to this lack of seizure-like state, the release of the neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate, in the brain, occurs to levels associated with arousal rather than seizure.

The basal toughness of unaged lamb.

Identification of the commencement of aging in relation to the rigor process was determined on lamb loin muscles by injecting a zinc-TRIS solution, which inhibits meat aging, into the muscle over the period when the pH was falling. Aging was evaluated by measuring the tenderness of cooked meat samples using a MIRINZ tenderometer. When zinc was injected into muscle above pH 6·5, the sarcomeres shortened and the cooked meat had an average shear force of 19 kgF (shear force is the force required to shear through at 1 cm cross-section sample).