Evaluation of the Plasma Expression Levels of miR-21 and miR-145 as Potential Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the world. Early detection would be greatly enhanced if accurate and cost-effective diagnostic biomarkers for CRC were accessible. The development of blood tests would evidently lower the screening cost of CRC detection.

Understanding the role of zingerone on biochemical and behavioral changes in rat brain inflicted with C6 glioma cells.

Malignant glioma is the deadliest form of brain cancer. Zingerone (ZO), a polyphenolic compound found in ginger, offers pharmacological properties that make it a promising agent for containing the growth of glioma cells. The present study was conducted to understand the efficacy of ZO in containing the growth of C6 glioma cells.

Evaluation of Tetrofosmin Cold Kit Fractionation Using Alternative New Method of Quality Control for Testing Radiochemical Purity.

 The aim of this study is to establish a method for the fractionation of tetrofosmin cold kit under different storage conditions and to optimize an alternate chromatography method from the reference method to test radiochemical purity (RCP).  Tetrofosmin cold kit vial was fractionated aseptically in six equal fractions and stored in vials and syringes. To test the stability of the reconstituted solution for a longer duration, the mother vials and syringes were stored at two different temperatures, that is, at 4°C and at -20°C till further used.

Impact of Calcium Influx on Endoplasmic Reticulum in Excitotoxic Neurons: Role of Chemical Chaperone 4-PBA.

Excessive activation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propoinic acid (AMPA) receptors instigates excitotoxicity via enhanced calcium influx in the neurons thus inciting deleterious consequences. Additionally, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is pivotal in maintaining the intracellular calcium balance. Considering this, studying the aftermath of enhanced calcium uptake by neurons and its effect on ER environment can assist in delineating the pathophysiological events incurred by excitotoxicty.

Target Specific Uptake of a Newly Synthesized Radiolabeled 5α-Reductase Inhibitor "Tc-99m-17-Oxo-17a-Aza-D-Homo-5-Androsten-3β-yl Phenoxyacetate (Tc-99m-17a-Aza Steroid)" in Rat Prostatic Neoplastic Lesions.

Objective: Considering the 5α-reductase (5AR) inhibitory activity of the oximes and the importance of the ester group in increasing the anti-androgenic property, we reasoned to synthesize a compound having a lactam group in ring D and an ester group at the 3 β position of the androsterone nucleus. The study aims to radiolabel 17-oxo-17a-aza-D-homo-5-androsten-3β-yl phenoxyacetate (17a-aza steroid) with Tc-99m to evaluate its targeted uptake in experimentally induced prostate carcinogenesis in rats.

Materials And Methods: The prediction of the optimal interaction and binding affinity of Tc-99m-17-oxo-17a-aza-D-homo-5-androsten-3 β-ylphenoxyacetate (Tc-99m-17a-aza steroid) toward 5AR inhibitor was done using Biopredicta Vlife MDS tool.

4-PBA rescues hyperoxaluria induced nephrolithiasis by modulating urinary glycoproteins: Cross talk between endoplasmic reticulum, calcium homeostasis and mitochondria.

Aim: Urinary glycoproteins such as Tamm Horsfall Protein (THP) and Osteopontin (OPN) are well established key regulators of renal stone formation. Additionally, recent revelations have highlighted the influence of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and mitochondria of crucial importance in nephrolithiasis. However, till date conclusive approach highlighting the influence of ER stress on urinary glycoproteins and chaperone in nephrolithiasis remains elusive.

Protective role of AKBA against benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis by modulating biotransformation enzymes and oxidative stress.

The present study was designed to explore the chemopreventive potential of 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) during the initiation and promotion stage of lung carcinogenesis induced by benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in female Sprague Dawley rats. BaP was administered at a dose level of 50 mg/kg b.wt.

Amelioration of cognitive and biochemical impairment in Aβ-based rodent model of Alzheimer's disease following fractionated X-irradiation.

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by deposition of amyloid-beta plaques in the brain. Available pharmaceuticals provide temporary symptomatic relief without affecting disease progression. Use of radiation was found effective in treating extra-cranial amyloidosis, therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective role of fractionated X-irradiation in Aβ-based rodent model of Alzheimer's disease.

Chemoinformatic Study and Bioevaluation of Tc-99m-Labeled N-Acetyl Neuraminic Acid in C6 Glioma Cells: Potential Role as a Radionuclide Imaging Probe.

Background: To date, the use of sialic acid that are reported to be elevated during malignancy has been largely unexplored for tumor imaging. The purpose of the present study was to study the modeled stable conformers of n-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and its radiolabeled conjugate (Tc-99m-Neu5Ac) through computational chemistry approach and its bioevaluation in rat C6 cell lines.

Materials And Methods: The Neu5Ac was radiolabeled with Tc-99m using stannous reduction method and the radiochemical purity of Tc-99m-Neu5Ac was determined by instant thin layer chromatography.

AMPA induced cognitive impairment in rats: Establishing the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor, 4-PBA.

Glutamate excitotoxicity and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) recently have been found to be instrumental in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. However, the paucity of literature deciphering the inter-linkage among glutamate receptors, behavioral alterations, and ER demands thorough exploration. Reckoning the aforesaid concerns, a prospective study was outlined to delineate the influence of ER stress inhibition via 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) on α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) excitotoxicity-induced behavioral aspects and possible ER stress-glutamate linkage.

Hepato-protective role of chemo-preventive probiotics during DMH-induced CRC in rats.

The aim of the study was to assess the hepatotoxicity, and therefore pharmacological safety of probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum (AdF10) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) for potential use in colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention. Thirty-six female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into six groups: normal control, AdF10-treated, LGG-treated, 1,2-Dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)-treated, AdF10 + DMH-treated, and LGG + DMH-treated groups. Antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid proxidation, and liver function were assessed.

Antimicrobial peptides against colorectal cancer-a focused review.

Despite recent advances in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), low patient survival rate due to emergence of drug resistant cancer cells, metastasis and multiple deleterious side effects of chemotherapy, is a cause of public concern globally. To negate these clinical conundrums, search for effective and harmless novel molecular entities for the treatment of CRC is an urgent necessity. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are part of innate immunity of living beings, it is quite imperative to look for essential attributes of these peptides which may contribute to their effectiveness against carcinogenesis.

Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in colorectal cancer patients.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme which triggers the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. COX-2 is activated in response to inflammatory stimuli and is one of the major molecules that is involved in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Consistent with such a conceptual framework, it has been shown that COX-2 inhibitors prevent the carcinogenesis of CRC and aid in the treatment of sporadic or familial cases of CRC as shown by an overall increase in the survival rate.

Efficacy of dual use of Tc-99m-pertechnetate and Tc-99m-tetrofosmin scintigraphy for the assessment of thyroid nodules.

Introduction: Radioisotope methods have shown to be useful in the non-invasive diagnosis of thyroid nodules over the past years. The present prospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy of gamma imaging using single and dual tracer using Tc-99m pertechnetate and Tc-99m tetrofosmin for evaluation and management of thyroid nodules.

Methods: Dynamic (perfusion) imaging was performed after injecting 148-185 MBq (4-5 mCi) of Tc-99m pertechnetate followed by static imaging.

Zinc treatment modulates hematological and morphological changes in rat erythrocytes following arsenic exposure.

The aim of this study was to understand the effects of zinc supplementation on antioxidant defense systems, hematological indices, and erythrocyte morphology in conditions of chronic arsenic toxicity. Male Wistar rats were segregated into four groups: control, arsenic treated, zinc supplemented, and arsenic + zinc treated. The animals in the arsenic-treated group were given arsenic orally in drinking water in the form of sodium arsenite at a dose level of 100 mg L, and zinc was administered to zinc-treated animals in the form of zinc sulfate orally in drinking water at a dose level of 227 mg L.

Over-Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Colorectal Cancer Patients.

Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most common neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. COX-2 plays an important role in CRC development and is a key target for the regression of colorectal tumorigenesis by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study was conducted to examine the relationship of the levels of COX-2 in CRC patients with the clinico-pathological parameters and also to assess its usefulness as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of CRC.

Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid modulates membrane dynamics in benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis.

Membrane fluidity is the most important physiochemical property of cell membranes and governs its functional attributes. The current investigations were undertaken to understand the potential role of acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), if any, on regulation of membrane dynamics under conditions of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-induced lung carcinogenesis in female rats. The animals were divided into five groups which included (I) Normal control, (II) Vehicle treated (olive oil), (III) BaP treated, (IV) AKBA treated and (V) BaP + AKBA treated.

Quercetin plays protective role in oxidative induced apoptotic events during chronic chlorpyrifos exposure to rats.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphate insecticide has a wider application throughout the world to protect agricultural crops and vegetables from insects. Polyphenolic compounds are considered as beneficial against toxicities induced by organophosphates. The present study was conducted to understand the neuroprotective role of quercetin in chlorpyrifos-induced apoptotic events in rats.

Cross-Talk Between Gluten, Intestinal Microbiota and Intestinal Mucosa in Celiac Disease: Recent Advances and Basis of Autoimmunity.

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder of the small intestine, caused by gluten induced inflammation in some individuals susceptible to genetic and environmental influences. To date, pathophysiology of CD in relation to intestinal microbiota is not known well. This review relies on contribution of intestinal microbiome and oral microbiome in pathogenesis of CD based on their interactions with gluten, thereby highlighting the role of upper gastrointestinal microbiota.

Increased Nuclear Factor-κB/RelA Expression Levels in Human Colorectal Carcinoma in North Indian Patients.

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death in many countries. Inflammatory pathway is considered to play a major role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway is a link between inflammation and cancer.

Chemopreventive role of olive oil in colon carcinogenesis by targeting noncoding RNAs and methylation machinery.

Epigenetic therapy induced by dietary components has become a strong interest in the field of cancer prevention. Olive oil, a potent dietary chemopreventive agent, control colon cancer, however, its role in epigenetic therapy remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of olive oil in a preclinical model of colon cancer by targeting genetic and epigenetic mechanisms.

Exploring the Effect of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inhibition by 4-Phenylbutyric Acid on AMPA-Induced Hippocampal Excitotoxicity in Rat Brain.

Excessive stimulation of ionotropic glutamate receptor is associated with glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, thereby causing oxidative imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in the excitotoxic death of neurons. Eminent role of endoplasmic reticulum under glutamate-induced excitotoxicity has been highlighted in numerous literatures which have been observed to trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) as well as regulating oxidative stress. However, combating ER stress in excitotoxic neurons can provide a novel approach to alleviate the mitochondrial dysfunctioning and ROS generation.

Indian Ginseng (Withania somnifera) supplementation ameliorates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in experimental model of stroke.

Stroke is an increasingly prevalent clinical condition and second leading cause of death globally. The present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of Indian Ginseng, also known as Withania somnifera (WS), supplementation on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced mitochondrial dysfunctions in experimental model of ischemic stroke. Stroke was induced in animals by occluding the middle cerebral artery, followed by reperfusion injury.