Heavy metals, like cadmium and zinc, can be toxic to microorganisms and affect both sediment and coastal ecosystems, especially in areas with high pollution levels.
In the Cochin estuary study, sediment samples showed significant contamination levels of cadmium and zinc, with specific bacteria communities identified across different locations.
Although a majority of the bacterial population was resilient to cadmium, pollution may hinder their ability to break down organic matter, which could disrupt nutrient cycling and the overall food web dynamics in these ecosystems.