The Antifungal Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticle-Incorporated Probiotics Against Oral Candidiasis.

Background: Candida species, especially , cause oral candidiasis, also known as oral thrush. It affects the elderly, newborns, patients under antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, and patients with weaker immune systems. Although successful, traditional antifungal medications are available, they may have negative effects and do not prevent recurrence.

Idiopathic Gingival Fibromatosis: Report of a Rare Case.

The progressive overgrowth of the gingiva is the hallmark of idiopathic gingival fibromatosis (IGF). Excess gingival tissue can obscure the crown of a tooth, resulting in spaces between teeth, displacement, retention of primary or permanent teeth, and difficulties with feeding, speaking, and appearance. The diagnosis and management of inherited gingival fibromatosis are the focus of this case report.

Impact of sub-chronic polystyrene nanoplastics exposure on hematology, histology, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Nanoplastics (NPs) are one of the most hazardous marine litters, having the potential to cause far-reaching impacts on the environment and humankind. The effect of NPs on fish health has been studied, but their impact on the subcellular organelles remains unexplored. The present investigation studied the possible implications of polystyrene-nanoplastics (PS-NPs) on the hematology, tissue organization, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Unraveling the spawning and reproductive patterns of tomato hind grouper, Cephalopholis sonnerati (Valenciennes, 1828) from south Kerala waters.

The objective of this study is to provide information on the reproductive biology of tomato hind grouper, Cephalopholis sonnerati (Valenciennes, 1828) for conservation and management purposes. Fish caught by artisanal fishermen from September 2019 to August 2021 were analysed. A total of 280 females, 31 males, and 4 transitional and 178 sex-undetermined fish were analysed.

Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, efflux pump activity, and virulence capabilities in multi-drug-resistant isolated from freshwater fish farms.

The present study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance, underlying mechanisms, antibiotic residues, and virulence genes involved in 32 multi-drug-resistant isolates from freshwater fishes in Andhra Pradesh, India. Antibiogram studies revealed that all isolates were multi-drug-resistant, harbored (96.8%), (59.

Isolation and identification of antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation, efflux pump activity, and virulence determinants in multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from freshwater fishes.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence, underlying resistance mechanism, and virulence involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 35) isolated from freshwater fishes in Andhra Pradesh, India. Antibiogram studies revealed that 68.5, 62.

Correlation of Diabetic Status and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Patients With Mucormycosis: A Retrospective Clinical Study.

Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its association with diabetes might lead to mucormycosis, and studies have reported an association between them. This study aims to find the correlation between COVID-19 and diabetic status in patients with mucormycosis and its role in disease progression and prognosis. The objectives of the study are to analyze the clinical range of mucormycosis in those with diabetes and COVID-19 and to correlate the clinical and radiographic findings.

Complete genome sequence analysis of multi-drug resistant THK strain isolated from aquaculture farm in Kerala, India.

The emergence of microorganisms with resistance toward antibiotics has been widely recognized as a growing hazard to public health. Here, we report the whole genome sequence of strain THK which was isolated from an aquaculture farm in Kerala, India. Standard disc diffusion and strip methods were used for antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentration detection.

Implications of deltamethrin on hematology, cardiac pathology, and gene expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its possible amelioration with Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus).

Deltamethrin (DM) is one of the extensively used pyrethroids for controlling ectoparasites. Unfortunately, DM is highly toxic to fish as it primarily targets the sodium channels of the plasma membrane thereby affecting their cardiac and nervous systems. The present study investigated the protective efficacy of Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) against DM-induced cardiotoxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

SUNLIGHT-INDUCED decontamination of water from emerging pharmaceutical pollutants using ZnO nanoparticles.

A new class of environmental pollutants that have become a significant concern for the entire world's population over the last few decades are pharmaceutical contaminants due to the potential risks they pose to the environment and human health. An investigation on the photocatalytic degradation of four different model pharmaceutical contaminants: Tetracycline (TCT), Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), Chloroquine (CLQ), and Diclofenac (DCF) has been carried out using ZnO nanoparticles as the photocatalyst, and sunlight as the source of energy in a batch photocatalytic reactor. This process resulted in the degradation of about 51% for TCT, 65% for SMX, 61% for CLQ, and 55% for DCF within 30 min of solar irradiation.

Sub-chronic exposure of Oreochromis niloticus to environmentally relevant concentrations of smaller microplastics: Accumulation and toxico-physiological responses.

This study assesses the accumulation and toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/L) of polystyrene MPs (1 µm) in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) for 14 days.

Isolation and identification of Streptococcus agalactiae in cage-cultured green chromide Etroplus suratensis in Kerala, India.

Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the main aetiological agents in large-scale mortalities of tilapia, having caused major economic losses to the aquaculture industry in recent years. This study describes the isolation and identification of the bacteria from cage-cultured Etroplus suratensis that experienced moderate to severe mortalities in Kerala, India. Gram-positive, catalase-negative S.

Genetic diversity and prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in aquatic environments receiving untreated hospital effluents.

The spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in the environment has been recognized as a challenge to public health. The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from selected water bodies receiving hospital effluents in Kerala, India. Nearly 69.

Dietary coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) oil improves antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, innate immune responses and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

The use of essential oils (EOs) as a natural alternative to antibiotics for disease prevention strategies is gaining much interest in recent decade. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil is rich in bioactive compounds like linalool and geranyl acetate which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.

Asparagus racemosus improves immune-related parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and mitigates deltamethrin-induced toxicity.

Deltamethrin (DM) is one of the most toxic but widely used pyrethroid insecticides. Even though a non-target animal, fish are at high risk as they are deficient in the enzyme system that hydrolyses pyrethroids. Enhancing the immune system is a potential method in preventing fish diseases.

Occurrence of infestation with the isopod, M. Edwards (Crustacea: Flabellifera: Aegidae) on commercially important freshwater fishes of Kerala, India.

Rapidly rising temperatures and increasing organic load in the inland and coastal waters has led to a significant increase in parasite population. The isopod infestation on fish in these waters have become more frequent, causing mortalities in both wild and cultured fishes. The present study was aimed to investigate the infestation on different fish hosts, mean intensity, prevalence, environmental influences on the parasite abundance and the histopathological changes it causes in the host.

β-Defensin: An adroit saviour in teleosts.

β-Defensin (BD) is an important first line innate defense molecule with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities in fish. The signatures of β-defensins are the presence of a net cationic charge and three intramolecular disulfide bonds mediated by six conserved cysteines. It consists of three exons and two introns.

Identification and characterization of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospital wastewaters: evidence of horizontal spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Antibiotic resistance has become a major threat to human health around the world, but its spread through the aquatic environment has been often overlooked. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospital wastewaters and their transmission into public water bodies in Kerala, India. A total of 113 S.

Changes in the proximate and elemental composition of (Crustacea: Flabellifera: Aegidae) exposed to lethal dose of bacterial consortium.

is a crustacean parasite, which is increasingly becoming a menace to aquafarmers. In our previous study, a novel microbial consortium comprising of three exoskeleton degrading bacterial strains (, and ) had shown promising results as a biocontrol agent for . The present investigation reports the changes in proximate and elemental composition associated with the application of microbial consortium on the isopod .

Outbreaks of epizootic ulcerative syndrome in Kerala, India following episodes of flooding.

Large-scale fish mortality was observed in flood-affected fish farms across several parts of Kerala following heavy rainfall in August 2018 and 2019-nearly 53% above the normal monsoon rain that the region receives. The affected fish had severe haemorrhages and ulcers, typical of the highly infectious disease epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) caused by the water mould Aphanomyces invadans. In freshwater, snakeheads Channa spp.

Formulation of an exoskeleton degrading bacterial consortium from seafood processing effluent for the biocontrol of crustacean parasite Alitropus typus.

Parasitic infestations on cultured fish due to the crustacean isopod Alitropus typus has been on the rise in recent years, causing large scale mortality, leading to significant economic loss to the farmer. Crustaceans are encased by an exoskeleton composed of chitin, protein and lipid microfibril frameworks, in which calcium carbonate is deposited. A strategy focused on the degradation of the exoskeletal framework utilizing nonpathogenic microorganisms that produce a wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes may be an environment-friendly and safe alternative to control these pests.

Nitrospira as versatile nitrifiers: Taxonomy, ecophysiology, genome characteristics, growth, and metabolic diversity.

The global nitrogen cycle is of paramount significance as it affects important processes like primary productivity and decomposition. Nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite, is a key process in the nitrogen cycle. The knowledge about nitrification has been challenged during the last few decades with inventions like anaerobic ammonia oxidation, ammonia-oxidizing archaea, and recently the complete ammonia oxidation (comammox).

Tinospora cordifolia ameliorated titanium dioxide nanoparticle-induced toxicity via regulating oxidative stress-activated MAPK and NRF2/Keap1 signaling pathways in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TNP) has been suggested for use in fish farms to prevent or alleviate bacterial diseases owing to its bactericidal property. Unfortunately, the interaction of TNP with cells impaired the host defenses of fish resulting in increased mortality during bacterial challenges. The present study evaluated the efficacy of the ethanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (TCE) as a dietary supplement in ameliorating TNP induced toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Investigating the impact of hospital antibiotic usage on aquatic environment and aquaculture systems: A molecular study of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli.

Quinolones are one of the most important classes of antibacterials available for the treatment of infectious diseases in humans. However, there is a growing concern about bacterial resistance to antimicrobials including quinolones. The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the aquatic environment has been recognized as a growing threat to public health and hospitals appear to be a major contributor to this.

Detection of New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase 1 and Cephalosporin Resistance Genes Among Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Water Bodies Adjacent to Hospitals in India.

The prevalence of carbapenem resistance among bacterial isolates from selected water bodies receiving hospital effluents and adjoining aquaculture farms in Kerala, India, was studied. Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes and Acinetobacter baumannii were the predominant isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity of these isolates was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.