Randomised placebo-controlled trial of triclofos versus melatonin for sedating children undergoing sleep EEG.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of addition of melatonin or triclofos to sleep deprivation as compared with sleep deprivation with placebo for conduct of successful sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) among children between 6 months and 12 years of age.

Design, Setting And Patients: 486 children aged between 6 months and 12 years who were uncooperative or referred for sleep EEG were enrolled for this double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial between 30 June 2022 and 31 March 2023.

Intervention: On the day of sleep EEG, participants were sleep deprived by 25% of their regular sleep duration and then randomly assigned to receive either triclofos (50 mg/kg), melatonin (weight ≤15 kg=3 mg; weight >15 kg=6 mg) or placebo.

Hypoglycaemia in high-risk neonates on exclusive breastfeeding.

Background: Neonates at risk of hypoglycemia are often roomed in with mothers, but there is paucity of literature on the occurrence of hypoglycemia in these exclusively breastfed high-risk neonates. The primary objective was to estimate the incidence of hypoglycaemia in high-risk neonates on exclusive breastfeeding. The secondary objectives were to study the time of presentation, symptoms of hypoglycaemia, and the various maternal and neonatal risk factors.

Urine Specific Gravity Measurement for Fluid Balance in Neonates on Intravenous Fluids in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: An Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Urine specific gravity reflects hydration status and correlates well with urine osmolality.

Objective: To compare intravenous fluid therapy guided with and without inclusion of urine specific gravity to the standard parameters for maintaining postnatal weight loss within permissible limits in neonates admitted to the intensive care unit.

Methods: An open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted, including neonates requiring intravenous fluids for ≥72 hours, randomized into the study (urine specific gravity guided fluids) and control arms.

The Association of Breastfeeding With Childhood Asthma: A Case-Control Study From India.

Background The role of breastfeeding in childhood asthma has long been controversial. The majority of research pertains to developed countries with scant literature available in a developing country like India, where a different asthma phenotype is prevalent. This study examined the association of breastfeeding duration and exclusiveness with childhood asthma and its severity, as measured by peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in India.

Humanin-induced autophagy plays important roles in skeletal muscle function and lifespan extension.

Background: Autophagy, a highly conserved homeostatic mechanism, is essential for cell survival. The decline of autophagy function has been implicated in various diseases as well as aging. Although mitochondria play a key role in the autophagy process, whether mitochondrial-derived peptides are involved in this process has not been explored.

Sex-specific alterations in hepatic cholesterol metabolism in low birth weight adult guinea pigs.

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight (LBW) have been widely reported as an independent risk factor for adult hypercholesterolaemia and increased hepatic cholesterol in a sex-specific manner. However, the specific impact of uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI), a leading cause of LBW in developed world, on hepatic cholesterol metabolism in later life, is ill defined and is clinically relevant in understanding later life liver metabolic health trajectories.

Methods: Hepatic cholesterol, transcriptome, cholesterol homoeostasis regulatory proteins, and antioxidant markers were studied in UPI-induced LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) male and female guinea pigs at 150 days.

Management Guidelines for Infection After ACL Reconstruction: Expert Opinion Statement Based on the Modified Delphi Survey of Indian Arthroscopy Surgeons.

Aim: Infection after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, though rare, is a potentially devastating complication and the evidence-based recommendation on the various topics in its management is limited. The purpose of this study was to develop recommendations for the prevention and management of infections in ACL reconstruction surgery by performing a structured expert consensus survey using Delphi methodology.

Materials And Methods: 22 topics of relevance in the prevention and management of infection following ACL reconstruction were chosen from an extensive literature review.

Two Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutations Associated with Diffuse Cerebral Polymicrogyria.

 Polymicrogyria (PMG) has environmental or genetic etiologies. We report a 8-year-old boy with diffuse PMG and two novel adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G1 ( ) G protein-coupled receptor 56 ( ) mutations.  The proband has intellectual disability, spastic quadriparesis, and intractable epilepsy without antenatal or perinatal insults.

Comparison of Clinico-radiological Outcomes of Monolateral Fixator in Infected Non-union of Tibia Based on Bone Gap Quantification.

Introduction: Monolateral rail fixators are more comfortable to the patients and have a lesser learning curve compared to ring fixators. Guidelines are still lacking for rational use of monolateral fixator for bone transport. This retrospective study aimed to analyze and compare the clinico-radiological outcomes of monolateral fixator in infected non union of tibia based on bone gap quantification.

Prospective randomized comparison of quality of regenerate in distraction osteogenesis of ring monolateral fixator in patients with infected nonunion of the tibia using digital radiographs and CT.

Aims: In this randomized study, we aimed to compare quality of regenerate in monolateral circular frame fixation in 30 patients with infected nonunion of tibia.

Patients And Methods: Both groups were comparable in demographic and injury characteristics. A phantom (aluminium step wedge of increasing thickness) was designed to compare the density of regenerate on radiographs.

Demographic Study of Orthopedic Trauma among Patients Attending the Accident and Emergency Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background: Trauma causes a major burden on the health system and economy of the country. A better understanding of the epidemiology of trauma can be of great help in planning preventive and curative strategies.

Materials And Methods: A total of 4834 patients of trauma presenting during 1 year were included in this observational study.

Implantless patellar fixation in medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction.

Purpose: The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) acts as primary restraint to lateral patellar dislocation and its rupture has been reported in almost all cases of acute patellar dislocation. Various surgical techniques have been described for MPFL reconstruction, using many femoral and patellar fixation techniques and different grafts. This article details our technique for MPFL reconstruction using semitendinosus graft which avoids the use of implant at patellar end.

Iron deficiency anemia in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease and effect on cyanotic spells.

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) and its association with cyanotic spells has been documented in literature. However, Indian data especially in the pediatric age group is scarce. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of IDA in this population.

Knowledge of breastfeeding practices in doctors and nurses: A questionnaire-based survey.

Background: As the primary physicians and nurses in hospitals are the first contact with the mothers, we carried out a questionnaire-based survey to assess the knowledge of the MBBS nonspecialist doctors and general duty nurses regarding breastfeeding of normal newborns.

Methods: Thirty-four MBBS, nonspecialist doctors and ninety-seven general duty nurses were enrolled in the study between August 2016 and September 2016 in a tertiary care teaching hospital, and a questionnaire comprising of 10 questions on breastfeeding was provided to each.

Results: All doctors (100%) and nurses (100%) agreed that breastfeeding must be started within 1 h of birth and all nurses (100%) agreed that breastfeeding alone is sufficient for a newborn baby during the first 2-3 days of life.

Use of Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles to decrease incidence of neonatal hypothermia in the labor room.

Background: Body temperature of a neonate continues to be under-documented, under-recognized, and under-managed, even though studies have shown that neonatal hypothermia increases mortality and morbidity. We aimed to reduce neonatal hypothermia (body temperature <36.5 °C) at 1 h following normal vaginal delivery in term and late preterm neonates in delivery room from 50% at baseline to less than 10% by 6 weeks.

Parameatal urethral cyst.

Parameatal urethral cyst is a rare clinical entity, resulting in asymptomatic cosmetic concerns, distortion of urinary stream or difficulty in urination. Though they cause considerable parental concerns, natural history is to resolve spontaneously or rarely surgical excision is needed. We report a neonate with asymptomatic parameatal urethral cyst.

Usefulness of radium-223 in patients with bone metastases.

Castration-resistant prostate osseous metastases can be challenging to treat. There is a new era of clinical advancement with the Food and Drug Administration approval of radium-223 for use in these patients. Radium-223 is the only clinically used therapeutic radiopharmaceutical that emits alpha particles, making it extremely safe for therapeutic purposes for the patient as well as close contacts.

Tubercular Tenosynovitis of Hand: A Rare Presentation.

Introduction: Tuberculosis tenosynovitis of the wrist and hand is an unusual condition. It mimics a number of other clinical conditions such as ganglion, De quervan's disease, carpal tunnel syndrome, granulomatous gout, neurofibroma, and haemangioma.

Case Report: We present case of 58-year-old male patient with swelling over thenar region of left hand where the initial fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) report suggested diagnosis of ganglion/synovial cyst, but the patient did not improve with conservative treatment.