Unraveling the multiple chronic conditions patterns among people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia: A machine learning approach to incorporate synergistic interactions.

Introduction: Most people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) also suffer from two or more chronic conditions, known as multiple chronic conditions (MCC). While many studies have investigated the MCC patterns, few studies have considered the synergistic interactions with other factors (called the syndemic factors) specifically for people with ADRD.

Methods: We included 40,290 visits and identified 18 MCC from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center.

The Impact of Social Isolation and Environmental Deprivation on Blood Pressure and Depression-Like Behavior in Young Male and Female Mice.

Social isolation (SI) and loneliness are major adult and adolescent health concerns, particularly in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era. Recent prospective cohort studies indicate that older women who experienced both SI and loneliness had a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hypertension, a well-established risk factor for CVD, is more prevalent in elderly women than men.

The Forensic Pathology of Liver Trauma.

The forensic pathologist is an integral part of the trauma surgery team. Trauma surgeons depend on autopsy descriptions for accurate measurement of the severity of trauma and determination of the chance of mortality. The outcome of liver injury improved greatly during the 20th century, primarily due to improved diagnostic and management techniques.

Adipose HIF-1α causes obesity by suppressing brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.

Unlabelled: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in adipose tissue is known to promote obesity. We hypothesized that HIF-1α interferes with brown fat thermogenesis, thus decreasing energy expenditure. To test this hypothesis, we compared transgenic mice constitutively expressing HIF-1α in adipose tissues (HIF-1α++) at usual temperature (22 °C), where brown fat is somewhat active, or at thermoneutrality (30 °C), where brown fat is minimally active.

Intermittent hypoxia-induced glucose intolerance is abolished by α-adrenergic blockade or adrenal medullectomy.

Obstructive sleep apnea causes intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep and is associated with dysregulation of glucose metabolism. We developed a novel model of clinically realistic IH in mice to test the hypothesis that IH causes hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance via activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Mice were exposed to acute hypoxia of graded severity (21, 14, 10, and 7% O2) or to IH of graded frequency [oxygen desaturation index (ODI) of 0, 15, 30, or 60, SpO2 nadir 80%] for 30 min to measure levels of glucose fatty acids, glycerol, insulin, and lactate.

Thermoneutrality modifies the impact of hypoxia on lipid metabolism.

Hypoxia has been shown to rapidly increase triglycerides in mice by decreasing plasma lipoprotein clearance. However, the usual temperature of hypoxic exposure is below thermoneutrality for mice, which may increase thermogenesis and energy requirements, resulting in higher tissue lipid uptake. We hypothesize that decreased lipid clearance and ensuing hyperlipidemia are caused by hypoxic suppression of metabolism at cold temperatures and, therefore, would not occur at thermoneutrality.

Double zoonotic peritonitis.

Background: Peritonitis continues to be a major problem for peritoneal dialysis patients. The incidence of peritonitis has decreased in recent decades but uncommon organisms are inceasingly being reported.

Case Report: We report an 83 year old man with history of diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease and end stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis, who developed recurrent peritonitis due to simultaneous presence of two uncommon organisms, Pasturella multocida and Capnocytophag.

[Toxocara spp. and other helminths in squares and parks of Ciudad Bolívar, Bolivar State (Venezuela)].

Introduction: Visceral larva migrans, a syndrome observed in humans, is caused by larva of parasitic helminths, such as Toxocara spp., which usually infect dogs and cats. Among the risk factors involved in the incidence of this syndrome, the size of these animal populations is particularly important.

[High prevalence of Cyclospora cayetanensis among indigenous people in Bolivar State, Venezuela].

The intestinal coccidioses caused by Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli, and Cyclospora cayetanensis are parasitoses of major medical importance, but many epidemiological aspects of these infections are still unknown in Bolívar State, Venezuela. To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and especially of intestinal coccidiosis, an indigenous population in San Antonio de Morichal was evaluated from July 2003 to April 2004. Stool samples obtained by spontaneous evacuation were preserved in potassium dichromate 2.

[Blastocystosis: a high prevalence of cases found in patients from Health Center of Soledad, Anzoategui State, Venezuela].

The parasitological examination of fecal samples from 98 patients from an Ambulatory Health Center of Soledad, Anzoategui, Venezuela revealed a rather high proportion of results positive for Blastocystis hominis (46.9%).

[Prevalence of Blastocystis hominis among food handlers from Caroni municipality, Bolivar State, Venezuela].

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of Blastocystis hominis infection in a random sample of apparently healthy food handlers. A total of 415 individuals attending the Manoa Urban Outpatient Clinic (Caroní Municipality, Bolívar State, Venezuela) in the Adult Hygiene Program and who requested health certification to work as food handlers were studied. Stool samples obtained by spontaneous evacuation were examined by direct microscopy and the Willis concentration method.

Should Trypanosoma cruzi be called "cruzi" complex? a review of the parasite diversity and the potential of selecting population after in vitro culturing and mice infection.

Morpho-biological diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi has been known since Chagas' first works in 1909. Several further studies confirmed the morphological differences among the parasite strains, which were isolated from different reservoirs and vectors, as well as from human beings. In the early sixties, antigenic differences were found in the parasite strains from various sources.

[Biodemes of Trypanosoma cruzi strains isolated from humans from three endemic areas in Minas Gerais State].

In order to study the biological behavior of T. cruzi strains and to determine a putative association between their biodeme and the clinical forms of Chagas disease, 14 strains isolated from humans were evaluated. The individuals were from the municipalities of Pains, Iguatama and Berilo (Minas Gerais State).

Chagas disease in the Brazilian Amazon: IV. a new cross-sectional study.

A new conglomerate family sample of 194 dwellings with 996 resident persons were studied in the town of Barcelos, State of Amazonas, in order to re-evaluate the risk of Chagas disease. During the survey the persons were interviewed and in this occasion we showed to them a collection of Panstrongylus, Rhodnius and Triatoma, asking if they recognized and eventually have been bitten by this kind of bugs. At this time we collected 500 ul of blood in microtainer tubes from 886 interviewed persons who gave permission after informed consent.

Sandfly fauna of endemic leishmaniasis foci in Anzoátegui State, Venezuela.

A census of the sandfly fauna was undertaken in 1993-98 in 5 endemic leishmaniasis foci situated at different altitudes in Anzoátegui State, Venezuela. From the 17 species of Lutzomyia identified, we believe that Lu. ovallesi, Lu.

[An evaluation of an outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a rural community in Bolivar State, Venezuela].

An epidemiological survey based on the Montenegro intradermal reaction (IDR) was carried out in San José de Hacha, south of the Bolivar State, Venezuela, on the occasion of an outbreak of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (LTA) in that locality. The IDR was applied to 121 of the 184 local inhabitants (65.8%), with a 33.

[Sand-fly fauna (Díptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae) in Bolívar State, Venezuela].

A descriptive study is presented of sand-fly fauna in Bolivar State, Venezuela. Identification was made of 2,364 sand-flies belonging to 18 species. The vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the different geographic regions of Bolivar State are possibly L.

Seasonal and nocturnal domiciliary human landing/biting behaviour of Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) evansi and Lutzomyia (Psychodopygus) panamensis (Diptera; Psychodidae) in a periurban area of a city on the Caribbean coast of eastern Venezuela (Barcelona; Anzoátegui State).

In recent years, in addition to American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), a significant number of cases of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) have been reported in periurban areas of Barcelona city (Anzoátegui State, Venezuela). We studied the bionomics of Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) evansi and Lutzomyia (Psychodopygus) panamensis, possible vectors of AVL and ACL, respectively, in El Rincón, a periurban village of that city. To evaluate the seasonal domiciliary landing/biting activity of sandflies on human bait, a house was chosen in El Rincón.

[Balantidiasis in a rural community from Bolivar State, Venezuela].

Balantidium coli is the etiologic agent of balantidiasis, an infrequent zoonose of worldwide distribution. The objective of the present study was to determine the clinical and epidemiological aspects of balantidiasis in a rural community in the Bolivar State in Venezuela. Fifty persons and 12 pigs were evaluated.

[Blastocystis hominis in patients at the Ruiz y Paez University Hospital from Bolivar City, Venezuela].

Blastocystis hominis is a polymorphic protozoan of discussed taxonomic position, which is currently associated with human intestinal disease. In order to determine the prevalence of the microorganism in a sample of hospitalized patients, a study was carried out from november 1996 to april 1997 on 100 adult patients of both sexes aged 20 to 79 years at the "Ruíz y Páez" University Hospital of Bolivar city, Venezuela. A coproparasitological study was carried out using direct examination and Faust method.

[Enterobiasis in students from Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela].

Enterobius vermicularis is a nematode with a peculiar biological cycle, thus requiring a special diagnostic technique. In order to determine the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection among schoolchildren in Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela, 282 children aged 5-14 years old were evaluated between november 1995 and august 1996 by the Graham technique (three perianal swabs with adhesive cellulose tape).