Activation of three targets by a TAL effector confers susceptibility to bacterial blight of cotton.

Bacterial transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) promote pathogenicity by activating host susceptibility (S) genes. To understand the pathogenicity and host adaptation of Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm), we assemble the genome and the TALE repertoire of three recent Xcm Texas isolates.

Association Between Length of Buprenorphine or Methadone Use and Nonprescribed Opioid Use Among Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder: A Cohort Study.

Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) affects millions of individuals each year in the United States. Patient retention in medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment is suboptimal. This study examines and quantifies the associations between each additional month of buprenorphine or methadone use and nonprescribed opioid use.

The Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Study: Methods and Initial Outcomes From an 18-Month Study of Patients in Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder.

Objective: Opioid use disorder (OUD) affects approximately 5.6 million people in the United States annually, yet rates of the use of effective medication for OUD (MOUD) treatment are low. We conducted an observational cohort study from August 2017 through May 2021, the MOUD Study, to better understand treatment engagement and factors that may influence treatment experiences and outcomes.

Development and validation of allele-specific PCR-based SNP typing in a gene on chromosome D03 conferring resistance to Fusarium wilt race 4 in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).

Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is the most important fiber crop for the global textile industry. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.

Improving the rigor and utility of botanical toxicity studies: Recommended resources.

Interest in botanicals, particularly as dietary supplement ingredients, is growing steadily. This growth, and the marketing of new ingredients and combination products as botanical dietary supplements, underscores the public health need for a better understanding of potential toxicities associated with use of these products. This article and accompanying template outline the resources to collect literature and relevant information to support the design of botanical toxicity studies.

Clinical Consequences of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: Functional cure, which requires sustained hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss after treatment cessation, is currently the optimal treatment endpoint for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. We performed a systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analyses to assess the association between HBsAg loss and long-term clinical outcomes.

Methods: We performed a SLR of scientific literature published in Medline and Embase reporting the incidence of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation (HD), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver-related mortality (LRM), and all-cause mortality (ACM) in relation to HBsAg status.

Targeted development of diagnostic SNP markers for resistance to Fusarium wilt race 4 in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).

Fusarium wilt caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV) race 4 (FOV4) has become one of the most important emerging diseases in US cotton production.

Protecting the integrity of survey research.

Although polling is not irredeemably broken, changes in technology and society create challenges that, if not addressed well, can threaten the quality of election polls and other important surveys on topics such as the economy. This essay describes some of these challenges and recommends remediations to protect the integrity of all kinds of survey research, including election polls. These 12 recommendations specify ways that survey researchers, and those who use polls and other public-oriented surveys, can increase the accuracy and trustworthiness of their data and analyses.

Cholestatic Pruritus Treatments in Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Systematic Literature Review.

Background And Aims: We conducted a systematic literature review to understand the evidence supporting treatment decisions for cholestatic pruritus associated with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

Methods: Studies that enrolled ≥ 75% participants with PBC or PSC and reported ≥ 1 endpoint(s) related to efficacy, safety, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) or other patient-reported outcomes were included. Bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and the Quality of Cohort studies tool for non-RCTs.

A Rapid and Reliable Method for Evaluating Cotton Resistance to Fusarium Wilt Race 4 Based on Taproot Rot at the Seed Germination Stage.

f. sp. race 4 (FOV4) is a soilborne fungal pathogen threatening U.

Population-based correlates of COVID-19 infection: An analysis from the DFW COVID-19 prevalence study.

Background: COVID-19 has resulted in over 1 million deaths in the U.S. as of June 2022, with continued surges after vaccine availability.

Studies of Evaluation Methods for Resistance to Fusarium Wilt Race 4 ( f. sp. ) in Cotton: Effects of Cultivar, Planting Date, and Inoculum Density on Disease Progression.

Fusarium wilt caused by f. sp. race 4 (FOV4) is an early season disease causing root rot, seedling wilt, and death.

Evaluation of a Gene-Environment Interaction of and Low-Level Nerve Agent Exposure with Gulf War Illness: A Prevalence Case-Control Study Drawn from the U.S. Military Health Survey's National Population Sample.

Background: Consensus on the etiology of 1991 Gulf War illness (GWI) has been limited by lack of objective individual-level environmental exposure information and assumed recall bias.

Objectives: We investigated a prestated hypothesis of the association of GWI with a gene-environment (GxE) interaction of the () Q192R polymorphism and low-level nerve agent exposure.

Methods: A prevalence sample of 508 GWI cases and 508 nonpaired controls was drawn from the 8,020 participants in the U.

Mapping of dynamic QTLs for resistance to Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum) race 4 in a backcross inbred line population of Upland cotton.

A backcross inbred line population of cotton was evaluated for Fusarium wilt race 4 resistance at different days after inoculation (DAI). Both constitutively expressed and developmentally regulated QTLs were detected. The soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.

Stories from the Greenhouse-A Brief on Cotton Seed Germination.

Seed germination is the basis for the proliferation of sexual-reproducing plants, efficient crop production, and a successful crop improvement research program. Cotton ( spp.), the subject of this review, can be often sensitive to germination conditions.

The Botanical Safety Consortium: A public-private partnership to enhance the botanical safety toolkit.

Botanical dietary supplement use is widespread and growing, therefore, ensuring the safety of botanical products is a public health priority. This commentary describes the mission and objectives of the Botanical Safety Consortium (BSC) - a public-private partnership aimed at enhancing the toolkit for conducting the safety evaluation of botanicals. This partnership is the result of a Memorandum of Understanding between the US FDA, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute.

Comparative Analysis of Infection Process in Pima Cotton Differing in Resistance to Fusarium Wilt Caused by f. sp. Race 4.

f. sp. race 4 (FOV4) causes an early season cotton disease including seedling deaths.

FIT FOR PURPOSE IN ACTION: DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, AND EVALUATION OF THE NATIONAL INTERNET FLU SURVEY.

Researchers strive to design and implement high-quality surveys to maximize the utility of the data collected. The definitions of quality and usefulness, however, vary from survey to survey and depend on the analytic needs. Survey teams must evaluate the trade-offs of various decisions, such as when results are needed and their required level of precision, in addition to practical constraints like budget, before finalizing the design.

A nonproteinaceous Fusarium cell wall extract triggers receptor-like protein-dependent immune responses in Arabidopsis and cotton.

Fusarium wilt caused by the ascomycete fungus Fusarium oxysporum is a devastating disease of many economically important crops. The mechanisms underlying plant responses to F. oxysporum infections remain largely unknown.

Responses of Upland Cotton ( L.) Lines to Irrigated and Rainfed Conditions of Texas High Plains.

Understanding drought stress responses and the identification of phenotypic traits associated with drought are key factors in breeding for sustainable cotton production in limited irrigation water of semi-arid environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of upland cotton lines to rainfed and irrigated conditions. We compared selected agronomic traits over time, final yield and fiber quality of cotton lines grown in irrigated and rainfed trials.