Metastatic Malignant Melanoma of Brain: A Rare Case Report.

Malignant melanoma is third most common cause of brain metastasis after lung and breast cancer. Most patients with brain metastases from malignant melanoma are diagnosed after treatment for known extracranial metastases and have a poor outcome despite various local and systemic therapeutic approaches. Here we discuss an unusual case of a 61-year-old male patient who presented with a brain metastasis as the initial disease presentation and the presumed primary lesion was later found in the gastrointestinal tract and the scalp.

Comparison of Radiological and Clinical Outcomes between Expandable and Non-expandable Cages Following Cervical Corpectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion is considered the mainstay of surgical treatment in cervical pathology. Expandable and nonexpandable cages are preferred over autogenous bone graft because of donor-related morbidity. However, the choice of the cage type remains a debatable topic as studies report conflicting results.

Evaluation of Radiological and Neurological Outcomes after Anterior Cervical Corpectomy with Fusion using Expandable Cage Alone and Expandable Cage with Anterior Cervical Plating.

 After anterior cervical corpectomy expandable cage were used with or without using anterior cervical plate for structural support are being preferred over autologous bone graft and other types of cages. Nowadays, the preferable type of cages and application of anterior cervical plate remain a debatable topic with studies giving divergent results. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of expandable cages used alone or expandable cage used with anterior cervical plate following anterior cervical corpectomy.

Study of Association of Various Psychiatric Disorders in Brain Tumors.

 Brain tumors may be associated with high morbidity, and psychiatric symptoms may be an early manifestation. It is important to address mental symptoms as early as possible because they are prone to develop psychiatric comorbidities in future. If untreated, these situations may worsen and lead to burden upon caregivers.

Prediction of the functional and radiological outcome on the basis of independent factors with special emphasis on the use of 3D printed models in craniovertebral junction surgery.

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the advantage of performing planned surgery using customized three-dimensional (3D) printed models versus performing surgery without using 3D printed models in patients with craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies and traumatic CVJ fractures and dislocations.

Methods: Forty-two patients with CVJ anomalies, who were planned for operative intervention in the Department of Neurosurgery at SMS Hospital from March 2019 to February 2021, were randomly divided into two groups and analyzed. First group was operated after rehearsal on a customized 3D printed model whereas the second group underwent operative intervention without the rehearsal of surgery on the 3D printed model.

Cerebral Perfusion and Functional Outcome in Pediatric Head Injury Patients.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness and degree of perfusion abnormalities in pediatric head injury patients by using computed tomography perfusion (CTP) and to assess its co-relation with neurologic outcome based on Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended Pediatric revision (GOSE-P).

Methods: Prospective evaluation of pediatric head injury patients who were taken for CTP after admission and then on discharge. We evaluated 5 regions of interest: orbitofrontal cortex, internal capsule, thalamus, caudate nucleus, and sensorimotor cortex for cerebral blood perfusion.

Biological Significance of Serum Biomarkers in Sports- Related Concussion Injury-A Systematic Review.

Aim: To evaluate all serum biomarkers in sports-related concussion injury (SRC) to determine diagnostic validity, changes with symptom severity, and return to play, as well as detect early changes in serum concentration.

Material And Methods: Studies were searched in various electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and Cochrane databases) from their commencement to May 2021. Studies were included if athletes aged 12 years and older were diagnosed with a concussion injury and evaluated using serum biomarkers.

Comparative Efficacy of Transsphenoidal Endonasal Endoscopic and Microscopic Pituitary Surgery at Single Center of a Developing Country.

 This study was aimed to compare comparative efficacy of transsphenoidal endonasal endoscopic and microscopic pituitary surgery at single center of a developing country.  This study included 198 patients in which 50 patients were studied prospectively and 148 patients were studied retrospectively, diagnosed with pituitary adenoma who presented to neurosurgery department at Sawai Man Singh hospital in Jaipur, India, and were operated via transsphenoidal route between 2013 and 2018. Patients' records were reviewed and relevant clinical and surgical data were collected.

Implications of DTI in mild traumatic brain injury for detecting neurological recovery and predicting long-term behavioural outcome in paediatric and young population-a systematic review.

Purpose: This systematic review was done with the aim to answer these three questions: 1) Is there any change in diffusion metrics in MRI-DTI sequences after mild traumatic brain injury in paediatric and young population?, 2) Is there any correlation of these changes in diffusion metrics with severity of post concussion symptoms?, 3) Is the change in diffusion metrics predictive of neurocognitive function or neurological recovery?

Material And Methods: Eligibility criteria- Mild TBI patients upto 22 years of age, MRI- DTI sequence done post injury, Outcome measurement with follow up at least for onemonth and articles published in English language only. Data sources- PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and Cochrane RESULTS: Some studies show increased FA and some studies show decrease FA and few showed no change in white matter microstructure in mTBI patients and this depends on the duration of injury. Prediction of PCSs severity on the basis of changes in white matter microstructure showed inconsistent results.

Traumatic Posterior Fossa Hematoma, A Rare Entity: Study of 21 Cases.

Traumatic posterior fossa hematoma is a rare entity. Traumatic posterior fossa hematomas are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and their surgical management remained controversial. From August 2011 to August 2017, approximately 5,100 patients with head injury were managed.

Symptomatic Thoracic Intramedullary Arachnoid Cyst: "A Rare Entity" Report of Two Cases with Short Review of Literature.

Spinal arachnoid cysts are uncommon benign lesions of spine axis and most commonly present as compressive myelopathy. Intramedullary arachnoid cyst is uncommonly seen, hence, not much discussed in literature. Due to rarity of this entity, many questions are yet to be answered and should be addressed properly, particularly related to etiopathogenesis, accustomed course, behavior, differential diagnosis, and the best treatment modality.

Evaluation of extent and pattern of neurocognitive functions in mild and moderate traumatic brain injury patients by using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score as a screening tool: An observational study from India.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is one of the most important culprit influencing the long-term neurological outcome commonlyobserved in TBI survivors.

Aims: To examine the performance of patients with Mild and Moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) using as a screening tool.

Results: Total 228 (127 Mild TBI & 101 Moderate TBI) patients were recruited in this study.

Anal Extrusion of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: A Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature.

We report two cases of gastrointestinal perforation by ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts and review the literature on the topic. The time interval between shunt surgery and detection of bowel perforation is minimum in infants and increases with age. Sigmoid and transverse colon followed by stomach are the most frequent sites of gastrointestinal perforations by VP shunts.

Spontaneous extradural hematoma: a rare entity.

Spontaneous onset extradural hematoma (EDH) is a very rare entity and has been seen mostly to be associated with adjacent infective pathologies, dural vascular malformations, extradural metastasis, or coagulopathies. We report a series of two such cases and review the literature. One case presented with spontaneous EDH that was managed conservatively and was diagnosed to have chronic kidney disease later; the other had deranged coagulation profile and liver function secondary to drug induced hepatitis and was operated.

Spontaneous resolution of ruptured dissecting anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm: A rare case report.

Dissecting anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) aneurysms are extremely rare, and only nine cases are reported till date. We are reporting a case of ruptured dissecting distal AICA aneurysm with spontaneous resolution; first of its kind in the indexed literature.

Concurrent multiple intracranial and intramedullary conus tuberculoma: A rare case report.

Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis commonly manifests as tubercular meningitis. CNS tuberculomas are more common intracranially and less frequently involve the spinal cord. Combination of intramedullary with intracranial tuberculomas is extremely rare.

Malignant solitary fibrous tumour of orbit.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare neoplasm that is thought to be of mesenchymal origin. Occurrence of such a tumor in the orbit is rare, more so in its malignant form. Histopathologically, it can mimic several other tumors of the orbit and can be differentiated by CD34 positivity.

Ganglioglioma of conus medullaris in a patient of neurofibromatosis type 1: A novel association?

Ganglioglioma of the conus region is quite rare with only 12 reported cases. Ganglioglioma shares biologic features with neurofibromatosis leading to suggestions that the co-existence of the two diseases may be more than coincidental. We report a case of ganglioglioma of the conus medullaris in a patient of neurofibromatosis and explore the possible association of the two diseases.

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the skull with extra and intracranial extension presenting with bulky scalp mass lesion.

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the cranium with extra- and intracranial extension without systemic or skeletal manifestation in a non-immunocompromised patient is extremely rare. These lesions are most of the time misdiagnosed because they mimic other conditions like meningioma. Here, we report a case presented with huge bulky scalp mass which on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain showed involvement of scalp, cranial vault, meninges, and the brain parenchyma, mimicking a meningioma.

Tiger hide appearance: Impaction and prolapse of brain parenchyma through burr holes after evacuation of bilateral chronic subdural hematoma: A rare case report.

Burr hole evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) with or without drainage system is the most common surgical method among various techniques. There are various complications of burr hole drainage evacuation of chronic SDH, but there is no case report regarding impaction and prolapse of brain parenchyma through burr hole as a complication. Herewith, we are reporting a case of bilateral chronic SDH with prolapse of brain parenchyma through burr holes.

Juvenile Xanthogranuloma of adult spine: A rare case and review of literature.

Juvenile Xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a rare disorder of central nervous system. It rarely produces compressive myelopathy. On reviewing world literature, we could find only nine cases of this disease involving spine and of which only four cases were in adults' i.

Acute traumatic orbital encephalocele: A case report with review of literature.

Orbital roof fractures after a blunt injury are an uncommon complication of trauma. Traumatic encephaloceles in the orbital cavity are even rarer, with only 15 cases published till date. Raised intraorbital pressure leading to irreversible damage to the optic nerve can be prevented by early diagnosis and management.