An unusual activity of mycobacterial MutT1 Nudix hydrolase domain as a protein phosphatase regulates nucleoside diphosphate kinase function.

MutT proteins are Nudix hydrolases characterized by the presence of a Nudix box, GX5EX7REUXEEXGU, where U is a bulky hydrophobic residue and X is any residue. Major MutT proteins hydrolyze 8-oxo-(d)GTP (8-oxo-GTP or 8-oxo-dGTP) to the corresponding 8-oxo-(d)GMP, preventing their incorporation into nucleic acids. Mycobacterial MutT1 comprises an N-terminal domain (NTD) harboring the Nudix box motif, and a C-terminal domain (CTD) harboring the RHG histidine phosphatase motif.

Multistep Array-Based Sensing of Bioanalytes Using Modified MoS, Fluorescence Proteins, and Cucurbituril.

One pot sensor by multiplexing in the array is an attractive system for rapid discrimination of multiple analytes. Multiplexing can be achieved in two ways, i.e.

IL-33 prevents age-related bone loss and memory impairment by suppression of Th17 response: evidence in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model.

Cytokines are the primary mediators of age-related disorders. The IL-17/IL-10 axis plays a crucial role in bone destruction and neuro-inflammation. Additionally, a new Th2 cytokine-IL-33-has gained attention for its potential implications in aging-associated conditions.

Microwave-assisted acid extraction of high-methoxyl kinnow () peels pectin: Process, techno-functionality, characterization and life cycle assessment.

The present study assessed the efficacy of kinnow peel pectin-acetic acid extraction using microwave heating at 110 °C, pH 2.2 for 10 min with a 1:2 ratio supernatant to ethanol for higher yield. The kinnow peel was freeze dried and grinded to fine powder for pectin extraction.

Sequestration of histidine kinases by non-cognate response regulators establishes a threshold level of stimulation for bacterial two-component signaling.

Bacterial two-component systems (TCSs) consist of a sensor histidine kinase (HK) that perceives a specific signal, and a cognate response regulator (RR) that modulates the expression of target genes. Positive autoregulation improves TCS sensitivity to stimuli, but may trigger disproportionately large responses to weak signals, compromising bacterial fitness. Here, we combine experiments and mathematical modelling to reveal a general design that prevents such disproportionate responses: phosphorylated HKs (HK~Ps) can be sequestered by non-cognate RRs.

Conjoint application of nano-urea with conventional fertilizers: An energy efficient and environmentally robust approach for sustainable crop production.

One of the biggest challenges to be addressed in world agriculture is low nitrogen (N) use efficiency (<40%). To address this issue, researchers have repeatedly underlined the need for greater emphasis on the development and promotion of energy efficient, and environmentally sound novel fertilizers, in addition to improved agronomic management to augment nutrient use efficiency for restoring soil fertility and increasing farm profit. Hence, a fixed plot field experiment was conducted to assess the economic and environmental competency of conventional fertilizers with and without nano-urea (novel fertilizer) in two predominant cropping systems viz.

MiR-539-3p impairs osteogenesis by suppressing Wnt interaction with LRP-6 co-receptor and subsequent inhibition of Akap-3 signaling pathway.

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), an inheritable form of rickets is caused due to mutation in Phex gene. Several factors are linked to the disease's aetiology, including non-coding RNA molecules (miRNAs), which are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and play a significant role in osteoblast functions. MicroRNAs sequence analysis showed differentially regulated miRNAs in phex silenced osteoblast cells.

Sources, purification, immobilization and industrial applications of microbial lipases: An overview.

Microbial lipase is looking for better attention with the fast growth of enzyme proficiency and other benefits like easy, cost-effective, and reliable manufacturing. Immobilized enzymes can be used repetitively and are incapable to catalyze the reactions in the system continuously. Hydrophobic supports are utilized to immobilize enzymes when the ionic strength is low.

Cyclic di-GMP sensing histidine kinase PdtaS controls mycobacterial adaptation to carbon sources.

Cell signaling relies on second messengers to transduce signals from the sensory apparatus to downstream signaling pathway components. In bacteria, one of the most important and ubiquitous second messenger is the small molecule cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). While the biosynthesis, degradation, and regulatory pathways controlled by c-di-GMP are well characterized, the mechanisms through which c-di-GMP controls these processes are not entirely understood.

Investigations on substituted (2-aminothiazol-5-yl)(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methanones for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease majorly affecting old age populations. Various factors that affect the progression of the disease include, amyloid plaque formation, neurofibrillary tangles, inflammation, oxidative stress, etc. Herein we report of a new series of substituted (2-aminothiazol-5-yl)(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methanones.

Acetylation of Response Regulator Protein MtrA in Regulates Its Repressor Activity.

MtrA is an essential response regulator (RR) protein in , and its activity is modulated after phosphorylation from its sensor kinase MtrB. Interestingly, many regulatory effects of MtrA have been reported to be independent of its phosphorylation, thereby suggesting alternate mechanisms of regulation of the MtrAB two-component system in . Here, we show that RR MtrA undergoes non-enzymatic acetylation through acetyl phosphate, modulating its activities independent of its phosphorylation status.

Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Current Strategies, Unfocussed Aspects, Challenges, and Alternatives.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for >90% of the cases of diabetes in adults. Resistance to insulin action is the major cause that leads to chronic hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. T2DM is the consequence of activation of multiple pathways and factors involved in insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.

Pharmacological investigation of quinoxaline-bisthiazoles as multitarget-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent disease of old age leading to dementia. Complex AD pathogenesis involves multiple factors viz. amyloid plaque formation, neurofibrillary tangles and inflammation.

In vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy potential of Quercetin loaded polymeric nanoparticles.

Quercetin (QCT) is a flavonoid, abundantly present in plants and has gained considerable interest for its antioxidant property and chemo preventive activity. Bioavailability of QCT is very low due to its poor aqueous solubility and instability. Researchers are working on the application of nanotechnology to target chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumour site.

Potential synergistic effects of quercetin with other phytoconstituents of Costus pictus (insulin plant) extract in the control of hyperglycemia and prevention of NSAID-induced gastroenteropathy in diabetic rats.

There is a need of multifactorial management to treat T2DM. Till date, no clinically simulated animal model and therapy for NSAID-induced gastroenteropathic damage (NSAID-iGD) in T2DM patients. T2DM was developed using high-fat diet plus multiple low doses of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, IP).

Thiazolyl-thiadiazines as Beta Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme-1 (BACE-1) Inhibitors and Anti-inflammatory Agents: Multitarget-Directed Ligands for the Efficient Management of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with multiple neuropathological events including β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE-1) inhibition and neuronal inflammation, ensuing degeneracy, and death to neuronal cells. Targeting such a complex disease via a single target directed treatment was found to be inefficacious. Hence, with an intention to incorporate multiple therapeutic effects within a single molecule, multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) have been evolved.

Curcumin, a component of turmeric, efficiently prevents diclofenac sodium-induced gastroenteropathic damage in rats: A step towards translational medicine.

There is a need to find/discover novel leads to treat complex and/or multi-factorial disease(s). Curcumin (CUR) is one of the promising lead molecules which need its further evaluation against NSAID-induced gastroenteropathy. Hence, the aim of the present study was to explore the pharmaco-mechanistic efficacy of CUR against NSAID-induced gastroenteropathy.

Overcoming the exacerbating effects of ranitidine on NSAID-induced small intestinal toxicity with quercetin: Providing a complete GI solution.

There is a need to find/discover novel leads to treat complex and/or multi-factorial-pathogenic disease(s) like Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)-induced gastroenteropathy or gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity as it has emerged as an important medical and socioeconomic problem. There is no approved therapeutic strategy to prevent NSAID-induced enteropathic damage and highly effective gastro-protective drugs such as ranitidine hydrochloride (RAN) exacerbate it. In this purview, the multi target drug discovery approach (MTDD), combination approach and hit to lead strategies based on the foundation of ethnopharmacology and/or reverse pharmacology holds strong potential.

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticle by using secondary metabolites from Pseudomonas aeruginosa DM1 and its anti-algal effect on Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella pyrenoidosa.

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using extracellular metabolites from the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa DM1 offers an eco-friendly and sustainable way of metal nanoparticle synthesis. The present work highlights the biotransformation of silver nitrate solution into AgNP, mediated by extracellular secondary metabolite pyoverdine, a siderophore produced by P. aeruginosa.

Co-administration of quercetin with pantoprazole sodium prevents NSAID-induced severe gastroenteropathic damage efficiently: Evidence from a preclinical study in rats.

Management of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastroenteropathy has emerged as a major medical and socioeconomic problem mainly because the highly efficacious gastroprotective drugs i.e. proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like pantoprazole sodium (PTZ), worsen the NSAID-induced enteropathic damage and lack of approved therapeutic strategies/interventions to prevent this damage.

Biogenic synthesis and spatial distribution of silver nanoparticles in the legume mungbean plant (Vigna radiata L.).

The present investigation aimed to study the in vivo synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the legume Vigna radiata. The level of plant metabolites such as total phenolics, lipid, terpenoids, alkaloids and amino acid increased by 65%, 133%, 19%, 67% and 35%, respectively, in AgNO (100 mg L) treated plants compared to control. Whereas protein and sugar contents in the treated plants were reduced by 38% and 27%, respectively.

Clinical importance of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug enteropathy: the relevance of tumor necrosis factor as a promising target.

The pathogenesis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) enteropathy is still unclear, and consequently, there is no approved therapeutic strategy for ameliorating such damage. On the other hand, molecular treatment strategies targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF) exerts beneficial effects on NSAID-induced intestinal lesions in rodents and rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thus, TNF appears to be a potential therapeutic target for both the prevention and treatment of NSAID enteropathy.

A novel model for NSAID induced gastroenteropathy in rats.

Introduction: Progress in management of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) induced gastrointestinal toxicity requires the availability of appropriate experimental animal models that are as close to humans as feasible. Our objective was to develop a rat model for NSAID-induced gastroenteropathy and also to simulate the common clinical scenario of co-administration of NSAID and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to explore if PPI contribute to exacerbation of NSAID-enteropathy.

Methods: Rats were treated twice daily with pantoprazole sodium (PTZ; 10mg/kg peroral) or vehicle for a total of 10days.

Distinction and characterisation of salinity tolerant and sensitive rice cultivars as probed by the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and growth parameters.

Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits rice productivity worldwide. The problem is intense - particularly in areas with extremely dry and hot climatic conditions. Designing an effective phenotyping strategy requires thorough understanding of plant survival under stress.

Impact of PGPR inoculation on growth and antioxidant status of wheat under saline conditions.

Two plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains, Bacillus subtilis SU47 and Arthrobacter sp. SU18, were found to tolerate 8% NaCl. Wheat co-inoculated with these two PGPR strains, and grown under different salinity regimes (2-6 dS m(-1) ), showed an increase in dry biomass, total soluble sugars and proline content.