Strategies to Minimize Virus Transmission During Anesthesia Procedures in COVID-19 Patients.

Anesthesiologists and the critical care team may be at increased risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) due to airway manipulations and intubations performed during anesthesia administration and management of patient undergoing surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infections have been reported among healthcare workers. The virus is transmitted by close personal contact and aerosols.

Racial and Ethnic Disparity in the Administration of General Anesthesia.

Healthcare disparities continue to affect communities in the United States that are racially and ethnically diverse, disabled, and economically disadvantaged, even though medical and technological advancements have made great strides in these areas. Disparities in health outcomes and difficulties obtaining care for both acute and chronic illnesses are more common among these populations when compared to the overall population. Disparities in anesthesia care delivery have been documented in multiple studies, and they are based on factors such as patients' racial/ethnic background, gender, sexual orientation, ability to communicate in English, and accessibility to health insurance.

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms and Innovative Neurostimulation Treatments in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the growing public health problems and a leading cause of disabilities and mortality worldwide. After the mechanical impact to the head, patients of all ages suffer from cognitive and neurological deficits, as well as psychological disorders to different extents. In the last years, the use of electrical impulses and magnetic currents to achieve therapeutic effects have shown promising results and became potential treatments for TBI.

Outcomes and Complications Associated with Mechanical Thrombectomy in the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Universally, stroke presents as neurological deficits due to the obstruction of blood supply to specific regions of the brain. Among the three main categories of stroke, acute ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. As of today, there are two effective treatment methods: thrombolysis and endovascular therapy.

Vascular and Perivascular Role in the Regulation of Angiogenesis: Impact on Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation.

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a surgical connection between an artery and a vein created in patients with end-stage renal disease needing dialysis. A major concern with AVF is maturation failure which results, while creating a new AVF, a troublesome process for the patients. Thus, maturation of AVF is important which is achieved by outflow tract outward remodeling.

Anesthesia-induced Developmental Neurotoxicity in Pediatric Population.

Anesthetics and sedatives may cause long-term negative neurocognitive consequences in children. Many clinical reports on this subject have had a profound impact on the field of clinical pediatric anesthesiology. Findings from animal models suggest that early exposure to anesthesia might cause neurocognitive impairment and apoptotic cell death in the brain.

Inflammation and Fatty Infiltration Correlates with Rotator Cuff Muscle Atrophy in Hypercholesterolemic Yucatan Microswine.

Rotator cuff injuries are the most common injuries among active and training astronauts. According to the CDC, 1 in 4 adults in the U.S.

Modulation of Orosomucoid-like Protein 3 Activity in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic and relapsing condition characterized by persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The complex pathogenesis of IBD involves a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune factors, which complicates the achievement of long-term remission. Lower abdominal pain, stomach cramps, blood in stool, chronic diarrhea, fatigue, and unexpected weight loss are common presenting symptoms.

Integrating Radioprotective Agents into Post-Mastectomy Radiotherapy: Optimization of Reconstructive Outcomes in Breast Cancer.

Surgical intervention utilizing various approaches is a cornerstone in the management of breast cancer. The surgical approaches include lumpectomy, mastectomy, axillary lymph node dissection, and primary or delayed reconstruction. Post-mastectomy radiotherapy is frequently recommended in cases of advanced tumors and extensive lymph node involvement.

Rotator Cuff Injury: Pathogenesis, Biomechanics, and Repair.

Anterior Rotator cuff tears are one of the most common surgically addressed disorders, as the tears in the tendon can affect anyone regardless of risk factors or activity level. The rotator cuff is responsible for most of the shoulder motion, hence the tendon-bone interface experiences immense stress making it incredibly prone to failure. Rotator cuff tendon tears can either occur due to trauma or natural degeneration of the rotator cuff.

A Critical Analysis of the Factors Contributing to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Female Athletes.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are a prevalent concern in athletic population, particularly among female athletes who are disproportionately affected. The increased incidence of ACL injuries in females is attributed to a combination of anatomical, physiological, and biomechanical factors that influence knee stability. This review comprehensively explores these contributing factors, highlighting gender-specific anatomical differences such as wider pelvis, increased quadriceps (Q) angle, and steeper tibial slopes, all of which predispose females to greater knee valgus during dynamic activities.

Deciphering Collagen Phenotype Dynamics Regulators: Insights from In-Silico Analysis.

Collagen (Col) types I and III are integral components in wound healing and tissue regeneration, influencing tissue development, homeostasis, and related pathologies. Col I and Col III expression changes during different stages of wound healing and understanding the regulation of collagen phenotype determination is crucial for unraveling the complexities of these processes. Transcription factors and microRNAs, directly and indirectly, play a critical role in regulating collagen expression, however, a comprehensive understanding of the factors regulating Col I and III phenotypes remains elusive.

Orthopedic Dermatopathies: Skin Manifestations in Orthopedic Conditions.

Orthopedic diseases often present with dermatological symptoms that require prompt identification for appropriate treatment. Understanding these dermatologic presentations is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective management. This article critically reviewed the dermatological manifestations observed in general and regional pathologies, followed by treatment-related manifestations.

Effect of Electromagnetic Field on Proliferation and Migration of Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes: Implications in Wound Healing and Regeneration.

Proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells are key events in the physiological process of wound healing. This process includes different but overlapping stages: hemostasis, inflammatory phase, the proliferative phase, and the remodeling phase. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as a mechanical insult to the brain from external mechanical force (primary injury), usually followed by the secondary injury including edema, inflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, or mitochondrial dysfunction.

Biophysical and Biological Mechanisms of Tumor Treating Fields in Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive forms of brain cancer that presents with a median survival rate of 14-30 months and along with a discouraging five-year survival rate of 4-5%. Standard treatment of newly diagnosed GBM, also known as the Stupp protocol, includes a maximally safe surgical resection followed by radiation and chemotherapy. Despite these treatment regimens, recurrence is almost inevitable, emphasizing the need for new therapies to combat the aggressive nature of GBMs.

NLRP3 Inflammasome and Gut Dysbiosis Linking Diabetes Mellitus and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Diabetes mellitus and inflammatory bowel disease are chronic conditions with significant overlap in their pathophysiology, primarily driven by chronic inflammation. Both diseases are characterized by an aberrant immune response and disrupted homeostasis in various tissues. However, it remains unclear which disease develops first, and which one contributes to the other.

Computational Biology in the Discovery of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis, Treatment and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with a disproportionately high burden in low- and middle-income countries. Biomarkers play a crucial role in the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases by providing valuable insights into the normal and abnormal conditions of the heart and vascular system. The biomarkers derived from the cells and tissues can be identified and quantified in the blood and other body fluids and in tissues.

Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Current Treatment Strategies in Stroke.

Both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes are critical health issues and the incidence is on the rise. The rapid neurological degeneration that can occur with either type of stroke warrants prompt medical attention. In the article, we critically reviewed the literature examining their incidence, pathophysiology, and present treatment strategies.

Synergistic potential of stem cells and microfluidics in regenerative medicine.

Regenerative medicine has immense potential to revolutionize healthcare by using regenerative capabilities of stem cells. Microfluidics, a cutting-edge technology, offers precise control over cellular microenvironments. The integration of these two fields provides a deep understanding of stem cell behavior and enables the development of advanced therapeutic strategies.

The Decline of Lumbar Artificial Disc Replacement.

Lower back pain associated with degenerative disc disease is a common occurrence, with many surgical treatments targeting the degenerated disc to relieve symptoms. Current surgical options for degenerative disc disease primarily consist of a discectomy followed by either spinal fusion or artificial disc replacement, with the former being increasingly more common in the lumbar region despite the risk of adjacent segment disease. Though artificial disc replacement aims to provide an increase in range of motion and decreases risk of adjacent segment disease, surgeons are increasingly opting for spinal fusion in the lumbar region.

Exploring the Complexities of Atopic Dermatitis: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin condition impacting both children and adults globally, with a prevalence of 15-30%. It ranks as the most prevalent skin disorder based on disability-adjusted life-years by the World Health Organization. It presents with symptoms like skin irritation, redness, dryness, itchiness, and vesicular blisters and commonly coexists with other atopic symptoms like allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergies.