Economic Impact of Urological Conditions in Men and Women in Belize.

Introduction: Urological disease is prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. Concurrently, the inability to maintain employment or provide family care contributes to poverty. We assessed the microeconomic impacts of urological disease in Belize.

Analysis of Online Urologist Ratings: Are Rating Differences Associated With Subspecialty?

Patients are increasingly using online rating websites to obtain information about physicians and to provide feedback. We performed an analysis of urologist online ratings, with specific focus on the relationship between overall rating and urologist subspecialty. We conducted an analysis of urologist ratings on Healthgrades.

Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and Sphincter Misuse Among Men With Artificial Urinary Sphincters.

Objectives: To define the prevalence of cognitive impairment and sphincter misuse among men who had undergone AUS placement.

Methods: Men who had previously undergone AUS placement from 2004 to 2019 were assessed through comprehensive telephone surveys. The primary survey outcome was cognitive function, assessed via validated Telephone Mini-Mental State Examination.

Identifying and addressing training deficiencies in the examination of cryptorchidism-a quality improvement study.

Background: Accurate and timely diagnosis of cryptorchidism by primary care providers (PCPs) is critical to oncologic and fertility outcomes. Physical exam is the mainstay of diagnosis, but little is known about PCPs' skills in examining cryptorchid patients. Patients referred to surgeons for cryptorchidism often have normal or retractile testes on exam, and delayed or missed diagnosis of cryptorchidism may contribute to advanced age at surgical intervention.

Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Hypogonadism.

Purpose: Clomiphene citrate may be used as an off label treatment of hypogonadism. There are few long-term data on clomiphene citrate efficacy and safety when administered for more than 3 years. We assessed improvements in testosterone and hypogonadal symptoms while on clomiphene citrate for extended periods.

Improvements in semen parameters in men treated with clomiphene citrate-A retrospective analysis.

Clomiphene citrate (CC) is commonly used off-label for the treatment of male infertility, yet there is limited data to guide patient selection. To identify a subset of patients more likely to benefit from CC, we aimed to define predictors of improvement in semen parameters among men receiving CC. We retrospectively analysed 151 men treated with at least 25 mg CC daily for male infertility and/or hypogonadism at two institutions between 2004 and 2014.

Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Hypogonadism.

Introduction: Clomiphene citrate (CC) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that has been used for the treatment of hypogonadism in men since the 1970s. It acts centrally to increase secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, thereby increasing testosterone production and serum levels. Unlike testosterone replacement therapy, CC does not suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, preserving intratesticular testosterone production and spermatogenesis.

Troubleshooting intraoperative complications of penile prosthesis placement.

Placement of a penile prosthesis is an excellent option for well-selected patients, offering high patient satisfaction and a low rate of complications. Most urologists who perform the procedure are not high volume implanters and may have limited experience with troubleshooting intraoperative issues. In this review, the authors use current literature to provide recommendations for the management of various intraoperative issues such as difficultly with dilation, incongruent measurement, perforation, urethral injury, crossover, complications of reservoir placement, penile curvature, glans mobility, and hemostasis are all discussed.

The natural history of nonobstructing asymptomatic renal stones managed with active surveillance.

Purpose: We documented the natural history of asymptomatic nonobstructing renal calculi managed with active surveillance and explored factors predicting stone related events to better inform shared decision making.

Materials And Methods: Patients with asymptomatic nonobstructing renal calculi electing active surveillance of their stone(s) were retrospectively reviewed. Stone characteristics, patient characteristics, and stone related events were collected.

Survival of Salmonella Typhi and Shigella dysenteriae in dehydrated infant formula.

Unlabelled: Powdered infant formula has previously been linked to the transmission of various bacterial pathogens in infants resulting in life-threatening disease and death. Survival studies of 2 common foodborne pathogens, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Shigella dysenteriae, in powdered infant formula have not been previously studied despite the potentially devastating consequences from ingestion of these organisms, particularly by newborns, in case of a natural or deliberate contamination event. Therefore, to better predict the risk of S.

Detection of Yersinia enterocolitica in alfalfa, mung bean, cilantro, and mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota) food matrices using DNA microarray chip hybridization.

Four different food matrices (alfalfa, cilantro, mamey sapote, and mung bean) were contaminated with three different dilutions 10(6), 10(4), and 10(3) cfu/g of Yersinia enterocolitica. DNA was isolated from each food mix and used in chromosomal amplifications. The amplified DNA was used as templates in single PCR reactions of the four genes (virF, ail, yst, and blaA) followed by mixing the four reactions for one PCR primer extension reaction.