Factors Associated With Post-Extubation Stridor in Infants Intubated in the Pediatric ICU.

Background: Post-extubation stridor (PES) is a common problem in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and is associated with extubation failure, longer length of stay, and increased mortality. Infants represent a large proportion of PICU admissions and are at higher risk for PES, making identification and mitigation of factors associated with PES important in this age group.

Research Question: What factors are associated with PES in infants (age less than 1 year) intubated in the PICU?

Study Design & Methods: The primary outcome was PES as defined by the need for racemic epinephrine within 6 h of extubation.

Who Speaks First? Promoting Senior Resident Autonomy on Family-Centered Rounds: A QI Initiative.

Background And Objectives: Graduated autonomy is fundamental as trainees transition to independent practice. Family-centered rounds (FCR), the leading model of inpatient rounding in pediatrics, is an opportunity for trainees to demonstrate their competence in leading a health care team, which is an entrustable professional activity for all pediatric residents. At our institution, senior residents (SRs) at baseline performed at a novice level on the basis of the Senior Resident Empowerment Actions 21 (SREA-21), a validated tool that is used to assess SR autonomy during FCR.

Hyperosmolality, High Blood Pressure, and Decreased Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in US Adolescents, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2012.

Background: Experimental evidence suggests that hyperosmolality may be a causative factor in the development of both salt-sensitive hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). There are no population-wide studies in young persons to assess the relationships among these factors.

Objective: To determine the association of serum osmolality and serum sodium with high systolic blood pressure (SBP) and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among a nationally representative population of adolescents.

Caffeine exposure and acute kidney injury in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in preterm infants, but specific therapies remain scarce. Recent studies have demonstrated an association between caffeine exposure and less frequent AKI in the first 7-10 days after birth. We hypothesized that patients with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) would provide a better natural model of AKI to evaluate this association.